| 1 | //! Derive a builder for a struct |
| 2 | //! |
| 3 | //! This crate implements the [builder pattern] for you. |
| 4 | //! Just apply `#[derive(Builder)]` to a struct `Foo`, and it will derive an additional |
| 5 | //! struct `FooBuilder` with **setter**-methods for all fields and a **build**-method |
| 6 | //! — the way you want it. |
| 7 | //! |
| 8 | //! # Quick Start |
| 9 | //! |
| 10 | //! Add `derive_builder` as a dependency to you `Cargo.toml`. |
| 11 | //! |
| 12 | //! ## What you write |
| 13 | //! |
| 14 | //! ```rust |
| 15 | //! use derive_builder::Builder; |
| 16 | //! |
| 17 | //! #[derive(Builder)] |
| 18 | //! struct Lorem { |
| 19 | //! ipsum: u32, |
| 20 | //! // .. |
| 21 | //! } |
| 22 | //! # fn main() {} |
| 23 | //! ``` |
| 24 | //! |
| 25 | //! ## What you get |
| 26 | //! |
| 27 | //! ```rust |
| 28 | //! # use derive_builder::{Builder, UninitializedFieldError}; |
| 29 | //! # |
| 30 | //! # struct Lorem { |
| 31 | //! # ipsum: u32, |
| 32 | //! # } |
| 33 | //! # fn main() {} |
| 34 | //! # |
| 35 | //! #[derive(Clone, Default)] |
| 36 | //! struct LoremBuilder { |
| 37 | //! ipsum: Option<u32>, |
| 38 | //! } |
| 39 | //! # // bodge for testing: |
| 40 | //! # type LoremBuilderError = UninitializedFieldError; |
| 41 | //! |
| 42 | //! #[allow(dead_code)] |
| 43 | //! impl LoremBuilder { |
| 44 | //! pub fn ipsum(&mut self, value: u32) -> &mut Self { |
| 45 | //! let mut new = self; |
| 46 | //! new.ipsum = Some(value); |
| 47 | //! new |
| 48 | //! } |
| 49 | //! |
| 50 | //! fn build(&self) -> Result<Lorem, LoremBuilderError> { |
| 51 | //! Ok(Lorem { |
| 52 | //! ipsum: Clone::clone(self.ipsum |
| 53 | //! .as_ref() |
| 54 | //! .ok_or(LoremBuilderError::from(UninitializedFieldError::new("ipsum" )))?), |
| 55 | //! }) |
| 56 | //! } |
| 57 | //! } |
| 58 | //! ``` |
| 59 | //! |
| 60 | //! By default all generated setter-methods take and return `&mut self` |
| 61 | //! (aka _non-consuming_ builder pattern). Accordingly, the build method also takes a |
| 62 | //! reference by default. |
| 63 | //! |
| 64 | //! You can easily opt into different patterns and control many other aspects. |
| 65 | //! |
| 66 | //! The build method returns `Result<T, E>`, where `T` is the struct you started with |
| 67 | //! and E is a generated builder error type. |
| 68 | //! It returns `Err` if you didn't initialize all fields and no default values were |
| 69 | //! provided. |
| 70 | //! |
| 71 | //! # Builder Patterns |
| 72 | //! |
| 73 | //! Let's look again at the example above. You can now build structs like this: |
| 74 | //! |
| 75 | //! ```rust |
| 76 | //! # use derive_builder::Builder; |
| 77 | //! # #[derive(Builder)] struct Lorem { ipsum: u32 } |
| 78 | //! # fn try_main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> { |
| 79 | //! let x: Lorem = LoremBuilder::default().ipsum(42).build()?; |
| 80 | //! # Ok(()) |
| 81 | //! # } fn main() { try_main().unwrap(); } |
| 82 | //! ``` |
| 83 | //! |
| 84 | //! Ok, _chaining_ method calls is nice, but what if `ipsum(42)` should only happen if `geek = true`? |
| 85 | //! |
| 86 | //! So let's make this call conditional |
| 87 | //! |
| 88 | //! ```rust |
| 89 | //! # use derive_builder::Builder; |
| 90 | //! # #[derive(Builder)] struct Lorem { ipsum: u32 } |
| 91 | //! # fn try_main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> { |
| 92 | //! # let geek = true; |
| 93 | //! let mut builder = LoremBuilder::default(); |
| 94 | //! if geek { |
| 95 | //! builder.ipsum(42); |
| 96 | //! } |
| 97 | //! let x: Lorem = builder.build()?; |
| 98 | //! # Ok(()) |
| 99 | //! # } fn main() { try_main().unwrap(); } |
| 100 | //! ``` |
| 101 | //! |
| 102 | //! Now it comes in handy that our setter methods take and return mutable references. Otherwise |
| 103 | //! we would need to write something more clumsy like `builder = builder.ipsum(42)` to reassign |
| 104 | //! the return value each time we have to call a setter conditionally. |
| 105 | //! |
| 106 | //! Setters with mutable references are therefore a convenient default for the builder |
| 107 | //! pattern in Rust. |
| 108 | //! |
| 109 | //! But this is a free world and the choice is still yours! |
| 110 | //! |
| 111 | //! ## Owned, aka Consuming |
| 112 | //! |
| 113 | //! Precede your struct (or field) with `#[builder(pattern = "owned")]` to opt into this pattern. |
| 114 | //! Builders generated with this pattern do not automatically derive `Clone`, which allows builders |
| 115 | //! to be generated for structs with fields that do not derive `Clone`. |
| 116 | //! |
| 117 | //! * Setters take and return `self`. |
| 118 | //! * PRO: Setter calls and final build method can be chained. |
| 119 | //! * CON: If you don't chain your calls, you have to create a reference to each return value, |
| 120 | //! e.g. `builder = builder.ipsum(42)`. |
| 121 | //! |
| 122 | //! ## Mutable, aka Non-Consuming (recommended) |
| 123 | //! |
| 124 | //! This pattern is recommended and active by default if you don't specify anything else. |
| 125 | //! You can precede your struct (or field) with `#[builder(pattern = "mutable")]` |
| 126 | //! to make this choice explicit. |
| 127 | //! |
| 128 | //! * Setters take and return `&mut self`. |
| 129 | //! * PRO: Setter calls and final build method can be chained. |
| 130 | //! * CON: The build method must clone or copy data to create something owned out of a |
| 131 | //! mutable reference. Otherwise it could not be used in a chain. **(*)** |
| 132 | //! |
| 133 | //! ## Immutable |
| 134 | //! |
| 135 | //! Precede your struct (or field) with `#[builder(pattern = "immutable")]` to opt into this pattern. |
| 136 | //! |
| 137 | //! * Setters take and return `&self`. |
| 138 | //! * PRO: Setter calls and final build method can be chained. |
| 139 | //! * CON: If you don't chain your calls, you have to create a reference to each return value, |
| 140 | //! e.g. `builder = builder.ipsum(42)`. |
| 141 | //! * CON: The build method _and each setter_ must clone or copy data to create something owned |
| 142 | //! out of a reference. **(*)** |
| 143 | //! |
| 144 | //! ## (*) Performance Considerations |
| 145 | //! |
| 146 | //! Luckily Rust is clever enough to optimize these clone-calls away in release builds |
| 147 | //! for your every-day use cases. Thats quite a safe bet - we checked this for you. ;-) |
| 148 | //! Switching to consuming signatures (=`self`) is unlikely to give you any performance |
| 149 | //! gain, but very likely to restrict your API for non-chained use cases. |
| 150 | //! |
| 151 | //! # More Features |
| 152 | //! |
| 153 | //! ## Hidden Fields |
| 154 | //! |
| 155 | //! You can hide fields by skipping their setters on (and presence in) the builder struct. |
| 156 | //! |
| 157 | //! - Opt-out — skip setters via `#[builder(setter(skip))]` on individual fields. |
| 158 | //! - Opt-in — set `#[builder(setter(skip))]` on the whole struct |
| 159 | //! and enable individual setters via `#[builder(setter)]`. |
| 160 | //! |
| 161 | //! The types of skipped fields must implement `Default`. |
| 162 | //! |
| 163 | //! ```rust |
| 164 | //! # use derive_builder::Builder; |
| 165 | //! # |
| 166 | //! #[derive(Builder)] |
| 167 | //! struct HiddenField { |
| 168 | //! setter_present: u32, |
| 169 | //! #[builder(setter(skip))] |
| 170 | //! setter_skipped: u32, |
| 171 | //! } |
| 172 | //! # fn main() {} |
| 173 | //! ``` |
| 174 | //! |
| 175 | //! Alternatively, you can use the more verbose form: |
| 176 | //! |
| 177 | //! - `#[builder(setter(skip = true))]` |
| 178 | //! - `#[builder(setter(skip = false))]` |
| 179 | //! |
| 180 | //! ## Custom setters (skip autogenerated setters) |
| 181 | //! |
| 182 | //! Similarly to `setter(skip)`, you can say that you will provide your own setter methods. |
| 183 | //! This simply suppresses the generation of the setter, leaving the field in the builder, |
| 184 | //! as `Option<T>`. |
| 185 | //! |
| 186 | //! ```rust |
| 187 | //! # use derive_builder::Builder; |
| 188 | //! # |
| 189 | //! #[derive(Builder)] |
| 190 | //! struct SetterOptOut { |
| 191 | //! #[builder(setter(custom))] |
| 192 | //! custom_setter: u32, |
| 193 | //! } |
| 194 | //! impl SetterOptOutBuilder { |
| 195 | //! fn custom_setter(&mut self, value: u32) { |
| 196 | //! self.custom_setter = Some(value); |
| 197 | //! } |
| 198 | //! } |
| 199 | //! # fn main() {} |
| 200 | //! ``` |
| 201 | //! |
| 202 | //! Again, the more verbose form is accepted: |
| 203 | //! |
| 204 | //! - `#[builder(setter(custom = true))]` |
| 205 | //! - `#[builder(setter(custom = false))]` |
| 206 | //! |
| 207 | //! ## Setter Visibility |
| 208 | //! |
| 209 | //! Setters are public by default. You can precede your struct (or field) with `#[builder(public)]` |
| 210 | //! to make this explicit. |
| 211 | //! |
| 212 | //! Otherwise precede your struct (or field) with `#[builder(private)]` to opt into private |
| 213 | //! setters. |
| 214 | //! |
| 215 | //! ## Generated builder struct name |
| 216 | //! |
| 217 | //! By default, the builder struct for `struct Foo` is `FooBuilder`. |
| 218 | //! You can override this: |
| 219 | //! |
| 220 | //! ```rust |
| 221 | //! # use derive_builder::Builder; |
| 222 | //! # |
| 223 | //! #[derive(Builder)] |
| 224 | //! #[builder(name = "FooConstructor" )] |
| 225 | //! struct Foo { } |
| 226 | //! |
| 227 | //! # fn main() -> Result<(), FooConstructorError> { |
| 228 | //! let foo: Foo = FooConstructor::default().build()?; |
| 229 | //! # Ok(()) |
| 230 | //! # } |
| 231 | //! ``` |
| 232 | //! |
| 233 | //! ## Setter Name/Prefix |
| 234 | //! |
| 235 | //! Setter methods are named after their corresponding field by default. |
| 236 | //! |
| 237 | //! - You can customize the setter name via `#[builder(setter(name = "foo"))`. |
| 238 | //! - Alternatively you can set a prefix via `#[builder(setter(prefix = "xyz"))`, which will change |
| 239 | //! the method name to `xyz_foo` if the field is named `foo`. Note that an underscore is |
| 240 | //! inserted, since Rust favors snake case here. |
| 241 | //! |
| 242 | //! Prefixes can also be defined on the struct level, but renames only work on fields. Renames |
| 243 | //! take precedence over prefix definitions. |
| 244 | //! |
| 245 | //! ## Generic Setters |
| 246 | //! |
| 247 | //! You can make each setter generic over the `Into`-trait. It's as simple as adding |
| 248 | //! `#[builder(setter(into))]` to either a field or the whole struct. |
| 249 | //! |
| 250 | //! ```rust |
| 251 | //! # use derive_builder::Builder; |
| 252 | //! # |
| 253 | //! #[derive(Builder, Debug, PartialEq)] |
| 254 | //! struct Lorem { |
| 255 | //! #[builder(setter(into))] |
| 256 | //! pub ipsum: String, |
| 257 | //! } |
| 258 | //! |
| 259 | //! fn main() { |
| 260 | //! // `"foo"` will be converted into a `String` automatically. |
| 261 | //! let x = LoremBuilder::default().ipsum("foo" ).build().unwrap(); |
| 262 | //! |
| 263 | //! assert_eq!(x, Lorem { |
| 264 | //! ipsum: "foo" .to_string(), |
| 265 | //! }); |
| 266 | //! } |
| 267 | //! ``` |
| 268 | //! |
| 269 | //! ## Setters for Option |
| 270 | //! |
| 271 | //! You can avoid wrapping values in `Some(...)` for fields of type `Option<T>`. It's as simple as adding |
| 272 | //! `#[builder(setter(strip_option))]` to either a single field or the whole struct. |
| 273 | //! |
| 274 | //! ```rust |
| 275 | //! # use derive_builder::Builder; |
| 276 | //! # |
| 277 | //! #[derive(Builder, Debug, PartialEq)] |
| 278 | //! struct Lorem { |
| 279 | //! #[builder(setter(into, strip_option))] |
| 280 | //! pub ipsum: Option<String>, |
| 281 | //! #[builder(setter(into, strip_option), default)] |
| 282 | //! pub foo: Option<String>, |
| 283 | //! } |
| 284 | //! |
| 285 | //! fn main() { |
| 286 | //! // `"foo"` will be converted into a `String` automatically. |
| 287 | //! let x = LoremBuilder::default().ipsum("foo" ).build().unwrap(); |
| 288 | //! |
| 289 | //! assert_eq!(x, Lorem { |
| 290 | //! ipsum: Some("foo" .to_string()), |
| 291 | //! foo: None |
| 292 | //! }); |
| 293 | //! } |
| 294 | //! ``` |
| 295 | //! If you want to set the value to None when unset, then enable `default` on this field (or do not use `strip_option`). |
| 296 | //! |
| 297 | //! Limitation: only the `Option` type name is supported, not type alias nor `std::option::Option`. |
| 298 | //! |
| 299 | //! ## Fallible Setters |
| 300 | //! |
| 301 | //! Alongside the normal setter methods, you can expose fallible setters which are generic over |
| 302 | //! the `TryInto` trait. TryInto is similar to `Into` with the key distinction that the conversion |
| 303 | //! can fail, and therefore produces a `Result`. |
| 304 | //! |
| 305 | //! You can only declare the `try_setter` attribute today if you're targeting nightly, and you have |
| 306 | //! to add `#![feature(try_from)]` to your crate to use it. |
| 307 | //! |
| 308 | //! ```rust |
| 309 | //! # use derive_builder::Builder; |
| 310 | //! #[derive(Builder, Debug, PartialEq)] |
| 311 | //! #[builder(try_setter, setter(into))] |
| 312 | //! struct Lorem { |
| 313 | //! pub name: String, |
| 314 | //! pub ipsum: u8, |
| 315 | //! } |
| 316 | //! |
| 317 | //! #[derive(Builder, Debug, PartialEq)] |
| 318 | //! struct Ipsum { |
| 319 | //! #[builder(try_setter, setter(into, name = "foo" ))] |
| 320 | //! pub dolor: u8, |
| 321 | //! } |
| 322 | //! |
| 323 | //! fn main() { |
| 324 | //! LoremBuilder::default() |
| 325 | //! .try_ipsum(1u16).unwrap() |
| 326 | //! .name("hello" ) |
| 327 | //! .build() |
| 328 | //! .expect("1 fits into a u8" ); |
| 329 | //! |
| 330 | //! IpsumBuilder::default() |
| 331 | //! .try_foo(1u16).unwrap() |
| 332 | //! .build() |
| 333 | //! .expect("1 fits into a u8" ); |
| 334 | //! } |
| 335 | //! ``` |
| 336 | //! |
| 337 | //! ## Default Values |
| 338 | //! |
| 339 | //! You can define default values for each field via annotation by `#[builder(default = "...")]`, |
| 340 | //! where `...` stands for any Rust expression and must be string-escaped, e.g. |
| 341 | //! |
| 342 | //! * `#[builder(default = "42")]` |
| 343 | //! * `#[builder(default)]` delegates to the [`Default`] trait of the base type. |
| 344 | //! |
| 345 | //! The expression will be evaluated with each call to `build`. |
| 346 | //! |
| 347 | //! ```rust |
| 348 | //! # use derive_builder::Builder; |
| 349 | //! # |
| 350 | //! #[derive(Builder, Debug, PartialEq)] |
| 351 | //! struct Lorem { |
| 352 | //! #[builder(default = "42" )] |
| 353 | //! pub ipsum: u32, |
| 354 | //! } |
| 355 | //! |
| 356 | //! fn main() { |
| 357 | //! // If we don't set the field `ipsum`, |
| 358 | //! let x = LoremBuilder::default().build().unwrap(); |
| 359 | //! |
| 360 | //! // .. the custom default will be used for `ipsum`: |
| 361 | //! assert_eq!(x, Lorem { |
| 362 | //! ipsum: 42, |
| 363 | //! }); |
| 364 | //! } |
| 365 | //! ``` |
| 366 | //! |
| 367 | //! ### Tips on Defaults |
| 368 | //! |
| 369 | //! * The `#[builder(default)]` annotation can be used on the struct level, too. Overrides are |
| 370 | //! still possible. |
| 371 | //! * Delegate to a private helper method on `FooBuilder` for anything fancy. This way |
| 372 | //! you will get _much better error diagnostics_ from the rust compiler and it will be _much |
| 373 | //! more readable_ for other human beings. :-) |
| 374 | //! * Defaults will not work while using `#[builder(build_fn(skip))]`. In this case, you'll |
| 375 | //! need to handle default values yourself when converting from the builder, such as by |
| 376 | //! using `.unwrap_or()` and `.unwrap_or_else()`. |
| 377 | //! |
| 378 | //! [`Default`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/default/trait.Default.html |
| 379 | //! |
| 380 | //! ```rust |
| 381 | //! # use derive_builder::Builder; |
| 382 | //! # |
| 383 | //! # #[derive(Builder, PartialEq, Debug)] |
| 384 | //! struct Lorem { |
| 385 | //! ipsum: String, |
| 386 | //! // Custom defaults can delegate to helper methods |
| 387 | //! // and pass errors to the enclosing `build()` method via `?`. |
| 388 | //! #[builder(default = "self.default_dolor()?" )] |
| 389 | //! dolor: String, |
| 390 | //! } |
| 391 | //! |
| 392 | //! impl LoremBuilder { |
| 393 | //! // Private helper method with access to the builder struct. |
| 394 | //! fn default_dolor(&self) -> Result<String, String> { |
| 395 | //! match self.ipsum { |
| 396 | //! Some(ref x) if x.chars().count() > 3 => Ok(format!("dolor {}" , x)), |
| 397 | //! _ => Err("ipsum must at least 3 chars to build dolor" .to_string()), |
| 398 | //! } |
| 399 | //! } |
| 400 | //! } |
| 401 | //! |
| 402 | //! # fn main() { |
| 403 | //! # let x = LoremBuilder::default() |
| 404 | //! # .ipsum("ipsum" .to_string()) |
| 405 | //! # .build() |
| 406 | //! # .unwrap(); |
| 407 | //! # |
| 408 | //! # assert_eq!(x, Lorem { |
| 409 | //! # ipsum: "ipsum" .to_string(), |
| 410 | //! # dolor: "dolor ipsum" .to_string(), |
| 411 | //! # }); |
| 412 | //! # } |
| 413 | //! ``` |
| 414 | //! |
| 415 | //! You can even reference other fields, but you have to remember that the builder struct |
| 416 | //! will wrap every type in an Option ([as illustrated earlier](#what-you-get)). |
| 417 | //! |
| 418 | //! ## Generic Structs |
| 419 | //! |
| 420 | //! ```rust |
| 421 | //! # use derive_builder::Builder; |
| 422 | //! # |
| 423 | //! #[derive(Builder, Debug, PartialEq, Default, Clone)] |
| 424 | //! struct GenLorem<T: Clone> { |
| 425 | //! ipsum: &'static str, |
| 426 | //! dolor: T, |
| 427 | //! } |
| 428 | //! |
| 429 | //! fn main() { |
| 430 | //! let x = GenLoremBuilder::default().ipsum("sit" ).dolor(42).build().unwrap(); |
| 431 | //! assert_eq!(x, GenLorem { ipsum: "sit" .into(), dolor: 42 }); |
| 432 | //! } |
| 433 | //! ``` |
| 434 | //! |
| 435 | //! ## Build Method Customization |
| 436 | //! |
| 437 | //! You can rename or suppress the auto-generated build method, leaving you free to implement |
| 438 | //! your own version. Suppression is done using `#[builder(build_fn(skip))]` at the struct level, |
| 439 | //! and renaming is done with `#[builder(build_fn(name = "YOUR_NAME"))]`. |
| 440 | //! |
| 441 | //! Additionally if you want to make the build method private you can apply `#[builder(build_fn(private))]`. |
| 442 | //! |
| 443 | //! ## Pre-Build Validation |
| 444 | //! |
| 445 | //! If you're using the provided `build` method, you can declare |
| 446 | //! `#[builder(build_fn(validate = "path::to::fn"))]` to specify a validator function which gets |
| 447 | //! access to the builder before construction. The path does not need to be fully-qualified, and |
| 448 | //! will consider `use` statements made at module level. It must be accessible from the scope |
| 449 | //! where the target struct is declared. |
| 450 | //! |
| 451 | //! The provided function must have the signature `(&FooBuilder) -> Result<_, String>`; |
| 452 | //! the `Ok` variant is not used by the `build` method. |
| 453 | //! |
| 454 | //! ```rust |
| 455 | //! # use derive_builder::Builder; |
| 456 | //! # |
| 457 | //! #[derive(Builder, Debug, PartialEq)] |
| 458 | //! #[builder(build_fn(validate = "Self::validate" ))] |
| 459 | //! struct Lorem { |
| 460 | //! pub ipsum: u8, |
| 461 | //! } |
| 462 | //! |
| 463 | //! impl LoremBuilder { |
| 464 | //! /// Check that `Lorem` is putting in the right amount of effort. |
| 465 | //! fn validate(&self) -> Result<(), String> { |
| 466 | //! if let Some(ref ipsum) = self.ipsum { |
| 467 | //! match *ipsum { |
| 468 | //! i if i < 20 => Err("Try harder" .to_string()), |
| 469 | //! i if i > 100 => Err("You'll tire yourself out" .to_string()), |
| 470 | //! _ => Ok(()) |
| 471 | //! } |
| 472 | //! } else { |
| 473 | //! Ok(()) |
| 474 | //! } |
| 475 | //! } |
| 476 | //! } |
| 477 | //! |
| 478 | //! fn main() { |
| 479 | //! // If we're trying too hard... |
| 480 | //! let x = LoremBuilder::default().ipsum(120).build().unwrap_err(); |
| 481 | //! |
| 482 | //! // .. the build will fail: |
| 483 | //! assert_eq!(&x.to_string(), "You'll tire yourself out" ); |
| 484 | //! } |
| 485 | //! ``` |
| 486 | //! |
| 487 | //! Note: |
| 488 | //! * Default values are applied _after_ validation, and will therefore not be validated! |
| 489 | //! |
| 490 | //! ## Additional Trait Derivations |
| 491 | //! |
| 492 | //! You can derive additional traits on the builder, including traits defined by other crates: |
| 493 | //! |
| 494 | //! ```rust |
| 495 | //! # use derive_builder::Builder; |
| 496 | //! # |
| 497 | //! #[derive(Builder, Clone)] |
| 498 | //! #[builder(derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq))] |
| 499 | //! pub struct Lorem { |
| 500 | //! foo: u8, |
| 501 | //! bar: String, |
| 502 | //! } |
| 503 | //! |
| 504 | //! fn main() { |
| 505 | //! assert_eq!(LoremBuilder::default(), LoremBuilder::default()); |
| 506 | //! } |
| 507 | //! ``` |
| 508 | //! |
| 509 | //! Attributes declared for those traits are _not_ forwarded to the fields on the builder. |
| 510 | //! |
| 511 | //! ## Documentation Comments and Attributes |
| 512 | //! |
| 513 | //! `#[derive(Builder)]` copies doc comments and attributes (`#[...]`) from your fields |
| 514 | //! to the according builder fields and setter-methods, if it is one of the following: |
| 515 | //! |
| 516 | //! * `/// ...` |
| 517 | //! * `#[doc = ...]` |
| 518 | //! * `#[cfg(...)]` |
| 519 | //! * `#[allow(...)]` |
| 520 | //! |
| 521 | //! The whitelisting minimizes interference with other custom attributes like |
| 522 | //! those used by Serde, Diesel, or others. |
| 523 | //! |
| 524 | //! ```rust |
| 525 | //! # use derive_builder::Builder; |
| 526 | //! # |
| 527 | //! #[derive(Builder)] |
| 528 | //! struct Lorem { |
| 529 | //! /// `ipsum` may be any `String` (be creative). |
| 530 | //! ipsum: String, |
| 531 | //! #[doc = r"`dolor` is the estimated amount of work." ] |
| 532 | //! dolor: i32, |
| 533 | //! // `#[derive(Builder)]` understands conditional compilation via cfg-attributes, |
| 534 | //! // i.e. => "no field = no setter". |
| 535 | //! #[cfg (target_os = "macos" )] |
| 536 | //! #[allow (non_snake_case)] |
| 537 | //! Im_a_Mac: bool, |
| 538 | //! } |
| 539 | //! # fn main() {} |
| 540 | //! ``` |
| 541 | //! |
| 542 | //! ### Pass-through Attributes |
| 543 | //! |
| 544 | //! You can set attributes on elements of the builder using the `builder_*_attr` attributes: |
| 545 | //! |
| 546 | //! - `builder_struct_attr` adds attributes after `#[derive(...)]` on the builder struct. |
| 547 | //! - `builder_impl_attr` adds attributes on the `impl` block |
| 548 | //! - `builder_field_attr` adds attributes to field declarations in the builder struct. |
| 549 | //! - `builder_setter_attr` adds attributes to the setter in the `impl` block. |
| 550 | //! |
| 551 | //! ```rust |
| 552 | //! # use derive_builder::Builder; |
| 553 | //! # |
| 554 | //! #[derive(Builder)] |
| 555 | //! #[builder(derive(serde::Serialize))] |
| 556 | //! #[builder_struct_attr(serde(rename_all = "camelCase" ))] |
| 557 | //! struct Lorem { |
| 558 | //! #[builder_field_attr(serde(rename="dolor" ))] |
| 559 | //! ipsum: String, |
| 560 | //! } |
| 561 | //! |
| 562 | //! # fn main() { |
| 563 | //! let mut show = LoremBuilder::default(); |
| 564 | //! show.ipsum("sit" .into()); |
| 565 | //! assert_eq!(serde_json::to_string(&show).unwrap(), r#"{"dolor":"sit"}"# ); |
| 566 | //! # } |
| 567 | //! ``` |
| 568 | //! |
| 569 | //! # Error return type from autogenerated `build` function |
| 570 | //! |
| 571 | //! By default, `build` returns an autogenerated error type: |
| 572 | //! |
| 573 | //! ```rust |
| 574 | //! # use derive_builder::UninitializedFieldError; |
| 575 | //! # use std::fmt::{self, Display}; |
| 576 | //! # |
| 577 | //! #[doc="Error type for LoremBuilder" ] |
| 578 | //! #[derive(Debug)] |
| 579 | //! #[non_exhaustive] |
| 580 | //! pub enum LoremBuilderError { // where `LoremBuilder` is the name of the builder struct |
| 581 | //! /// Uninitialized field |
| 582 | //! UninitializedField(&'static str), |
| 583 | //! /// Custom validation error |
| 584 | //! ValidationError(String), |
| 585 | //! } |
| 586 | //! |
| 587 | //! impl From<String> for LoremBuilderError { |
| 588 | //! fn from(s: String) -> Self { Self::ValidationError(s) } |
| 589 | //! } |
| 590 | //! impl From<UninitializedFieldError> for LoremBuilderError { // ... |
| 591 | //! # fn from(s: UninitializedFieldError) -> Self { todo!() } } |
| 592 | //! impl Display for LoremBuilderError { // ... |
| 593 | //! # fn fmt(&self, _: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result { todo!() } } |
| 594 | //! impl std::error::Error for LoremBuilderError {} |
| 595 | //! ``` |
| 596 | //! |
| 597 | //! Alternatively, you can specify your own error type: |
| 598 | //! ```rust |
| 599 | //! # use derive_builder::{Builder, UninitializedFieldError}; |
| 600 | //! # |
| 601 | //! #[derive(Builder, Debug, PartialEq)] |
| 602 | //! #[builder(build_fn(error = "OurLoremError" ))] |
| 603 | //! struct Lorem { |
| 604 | //! pub ipsum: u32, |
| 605 | //! } |
| 606 | //! |
| 607 | //! struct OurLoremError(String); |
| 608 | //! |
| 609 | //! impl From<UninitializedFieldError> for OurLoremError { |
| 610 | //! fn from(ufe: UninitializedFieldError) -> OurLoremError { OurLoremError(ufe.to_string()) } |
| 611 | //! } |
| 612 | //! |
| 613 | //! # fn main() { |
| 614 | //! let err: OurLoremError = LoremBuilder::default().build().unwrap_err(); |
| 615 | //! assert_eq!(&err.0, "Field not initialized: ipsum" ); |
| 616 | //! # } |
| 617 | //! ``` |
| 618 | //! |
| 619 | //! # Completely custom fields in the builder |
| 620 | //! |
| 621 | //! Instead of having an `Option`, you can have whatever type you like: |
| 622 | //! |
| 623 | //! ```rust |
| 624 | //! # use derive_builder::Builder; |
| 625 | //! #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Default, Builder, Clone)] |
| 626 | //! #[builder(derive(Debug, PartialEq))] |
| 627 | //! struct Lorem { |
| 628 | //! #[builder(setter(into), field(ty = "u32" ))] |
| 629 | //! ipsum: u32, |
| 630 | //! |
| 631 | //! #[builder(field(ty = "String" , build = "()" ))] |
| 632 | //! dolor: (), |
| 633 | //! |
| 634 | //! #[builder(field(ty = "&'static str" , build = "self.amet.parse()?" ))] |
| 635 | //! amet: u32, |
| 636 | //! } |
| 637 | //! |
| 638 | //! impl From<std::num::ParseIntError> for LoremBuilderError { // ... |
| 639 | //! # fn from(e: std::num::ParseIntError) -> LoremBuilderError { |
| 640 | //! # e.to_string().into() |
| 641 | //! # } |
| 642 | //! # } |
| 643 | //! |
| 644 | //! # fn main() { |
| 645 | //! let mut builder = LoremBuilder::default(); |
| 646 | //! builder.ipsum(42u16).dolor("sit" .into()).amet("12" ); |
| 647 | //! assert_eq!(builder, LoremBuilder { ipsum: 42, dolor: "sit" .into(), amet: "12" }); |
| 648 | //! let lorem = builder.build().unwrap(); |
| 649 | //! assert_eq!(lorem, Lorem { ipsum: 42, dolor: (), amet: 12 }); |
| 650 | //! # } |
| 651 | //! ``` |
| 652 | //! |
| 653 | //! The builder field type (`ty =`) must implement `Default`. |
| 654 | //! |
| 655 | //! The argument to `build` must be a literal string containing Rust code for the contents of a block, which must evaluate to the type of the target field. |
| 656 | //! It may refer to the builder struct as `self`, use `?`, etc. |
| 657 | //! |
| 658 | //! # **`#![no_std]`** Support (on Nightly) |
| 659 | //! |
| 660 | //! You can activate support for `#![no_std]` by adding `#[builder(no_std)]` to your struct |
| 661 | //! and `#![feature(alloc)] extern crate alloc` to your crate. |
| 662 | //! |
| 663 | //! The latter requires the _nightly_ toolchain. |
| 664 | //! |
| 665 | //! # Troubleshooting |
| 666 | //! |
| 667 | //! ## Gotchas |
| 668 | //! |
| 669 | //! - Tuple structs and unit structs are not supported as they have no field |
| 670 | //! names. |
| 671 | //! - Generic setters introduce a type parameter `VALUE: Into<_>`. Therefore you can't use |
| 672 | //! `VALUE` as a type parameter on a generic struct in combination with generic setters. |
| 673 | //! - The `try_setter` attribute and `owned` builder pattern are not compatible in practice; |
| 674 | //! an error during building will consume the builder, making it impossible to continue |
| 675 | //! construction. |
| 676 | //! - When re-exporting the underlying struct under a different name, the |
| 677 | //! auto-generated documentation will not match. |
| 678 | //! - If derive_builder depends on your crate, and vice versa, then a cyclic |
| 679 | //! dependency would occur. To break it you could try to depend on the |
| 680 | //! [`derive_builder_core`] crate instead. |
| 681 | //! |
| 682 | //! ## Report Issues and Ideas |
| 683 | //! |
| 684 | //! [Open an issue on GitHub](https://github.com/colin-kiegel/rust-derive-builder/issues) |
| 685 | //! |
| 686 | //! If possible please try to provide the debugging info if you experience unexpected |
| 687 | //! compilation errors (see above). |
| 688 | //! |
| 689 | //! [builder pattern]: https://web.archive.org/web/20170701044756/https://aturon.github.io/ownership/builders.html |
| 690 | //! [`derive_builder_core`]: https://crates.io/crates/derive_builder_core |
| 691 | |
| 692 | #![deny (warnings)] |
| 693 | #![cfg_attr (not(feature = "std" ), no_std)] |
| 694 | |
| 695 | #[cfg (feature = "alloc" )] |
| 696 | extern crate alloc; |
| 697 | |
| 698 | extern crate derive_builder_macro; |
| 699 | |
| 700 | mod error; |
| 701 | |
| 702 | pub use derive_builder_macro::Builder; |
| 703 | |
| 704 | #[doc (inline)] |
| 705 | pub use error::UninitializedFieldError; |
| 706 | |
| 707 | #[doc (hidden)] |
| 708 | pub mod export { |
| 709 | pub mod core { |
| 710 | #[cfg (feature = "alloc" )] |
| 711 | pub use ::alloc::string; |
| 712 | #[cfg (not(feature = "std" ))] |
| 713 | pub use core::*; |
| 714 | #[cfg (feature = "std" )] |
| 715 | pub use std::*; |
| 716 | } |
| 717 | } |
| 718 | |