| 1 | //! Derive a builder for a struct | 
| 2 | //! | 
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| 3 | //! This crate implements the [builder pattern] for you. | 
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| 4 | //! Just apply `#[derive(Builder)]` to a struct `Foo`, and it will derive an additional | 
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| 5 | //! struct `FooBuilder` with **setter**-methods for all fields and a **build**-method | 
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| 6 | //! — the way you want it. | 
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| 7 | //! | 
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| 8 | //! # Quick Start | 
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| 9 | //! | 
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| 10 | //! Add `derive_builder` as a dependency to you `Cargo.toml`. | 
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| 11 | //! | 
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| 12 | //! ## What you write | 
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| 13 | //! | 
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| 14 | //! ```rust | 
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| 15 | //! use derive_builder::Builder; | 
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| 16 | //! | 
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| 17 | //! #[derive(Builder)] | 
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| 18 | //! struct Lorem { | 
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| 19 | //!     ipsum: u32, | 
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| 20 | //!     // .. | 
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| 21 | //! } | 
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| 22 | //! # fn main() {} | 
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| 23 | //! ``` | 
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| 24 | //! | 
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| 25 | //! ## What you get | 
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| 26 | //! | 
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| 27 | //! ```rust | 
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| 28 | //! # use derive_builder::{Builder, UninitializedFieldError}; | 
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| 29 | //! # | 
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| 30 | //! # struct Lorem { | 
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| 31 | //! #     ipsum: u32, | 
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| 32 | //! # } | 
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| 33 | //! # fn main() {} | 
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| 34 | //! # | 
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| 35 | //! #[derive(Clone, Default)] | 
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| 36 | //! struct LoremBuilder { | 
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| 37 | //!     ipsum: Option<u32>, | 
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| 38 | //! } | 
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| 39 | //! # // bodge for testing: | 
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| 40 | //! # type LoremBuilderError = UninitializedFieldError; | 
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| 41 | //! | 
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| 42 | //! #[allow(dead_code)] | 
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| 43 | //! impl LoremBuilder { | 
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| 44 | //!     pub fn ipsum(&mut self, value: u32) -> &mut Self { | 
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| 45 | //!         let mut new = self; | 
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| 46 | //!         new.ipsum = Some(value); | 
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| 47 | //!         new | 
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| 48 | //!     } | 
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| 49 | //! | 
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| 50 | //!     fn build(&self) -> Result<Lorem, LoremBuilderError> { | 
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| 51 | //!         Ok(Lorem { | 
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| 52 | //!             ipsum: Clone::clone(self.ipsum | 
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| 53 | //!                 .as_ref() | 
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| 54 | //!                 .ok_or(LoremBuilderError::from(UninitializedFieldError::new( "ipsum")))?), | 
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| 55 | //!         }) | 
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| 56 | //!     } | 
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| 57 | //! } | 
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| 58 | //! ``` | 
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| 59 | //! | 
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| 60 | //! By default all generated setter-methods take and return `&mut self` | 
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| 61 | //! (aka _non-consuming_ builder pattern). Accordingly, the build method also takes a | 
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| 62 | //! reference by default. | 
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| 63 | //! | 
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| 64 | //! You can easily opt into different patterns and control many other aspects. | 
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| 65 | //! | 
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| 66 | //! The build method returns `Result<T, E>`, where `T` is the struct you started with | 
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| 67 | //! and E is a generated builder error type. | 
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| 68 | //! It returns `Err` if you didn't initialize all fields and no default values were | 
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| 69 | //! provided. | 
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| 70 | //! | 
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| 71 | //! # Builder Patterns | 
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| 72 | //! | 
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| 73 | //! Let's look again at the example above. You can now build structs like this: | 
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| 74 | //! | 
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| 75 | //! ```rust | 
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| 76 | //! # use derive_builder::Builder; | 
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| 77 | //! # #[derive(Builder)] struct Lorem { ipsum: u32 } | 
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| 78 | //! # fn try_main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> { | 
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| 79 | //! let x: Lorem = LoremBuilder::default().ipsum(42).build()?; | 
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| 80 | //! # Ok(()) | 
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| 81 | //! # } fn main() { try_main().unwrap(); } | 
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| 82 | //! ``` | 
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| 83 | //! | 
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| 84 | //! Ok, _chaining_ method calls is nice, but what if `ipsum(42)` should only happen if `geek = true`? | 
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| 85 | //! | 
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| 86 | //! So let's make this call conditional | 
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| 87 | //! | 
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| 88 | //! ```rust | 
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| 89 | //! # use derive_builder::Builder; | 
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| 90 | //! # #[derive(Builder)] struct Lorem { ipsum: u32 } | 
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| 91 | //! # fn try_main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> { | 
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| 92 | //! # let geek = true; | 
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| 93 | //! let mut builder = LoremBuilder::default(); | 
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| 94 | //! if geek { | 
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| 95 | //!     builder.ipsum(42); | 
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| 96 | //! } | 
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| 97 | //! let x: Lorem = builder.build()?; | 
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| 98 | //! # Ok(()) | 
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| 99 | //! # } fn main() { try_main().unwrap(); } | 
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| 100 | //! ``` | 
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| 101 | //! | 
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| 102 | //! Now it comes in handy that our setter methods take and return mutable references. Otherwise | 
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| 103 | //! we would need to write something more clumsy like `builder = builder.ipsum(42)` to reassign | 
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| 104 | //! the return value each time we have to call a setter conditionally. | 
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| 105 | //! | 
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| 106 | //! Setters with mutable references are therefore a convenient default for the builder | 
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| 107 | //! pattern in Rust. | 
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| 108 | //! | 
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| 109 | //! But this is a free world and the choice is still yours! | 
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| 110 | //! | 
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| 111 | //! ## Owned, aka Consuming | 
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| 112 | //! | 
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| 113 | //! Precede your struct (or field) with `#[builder(pattern = "owned")]` to opt into this pattern. | 
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| 114 | //! Builders generated with this pattern do not automatically derive `Clone`, which allows builders | 
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| 115 | //! to be generated for structs with fields that do not derive `Clone`. | 
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| 116 | //! | 
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| 117 | //! * Setters take and return `self`. | 
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| 118 | //! * PRO: Setter calls and final build method can be chained. | 
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| 119 | //! * CON: If you don't chain your calls, you have to create a reference to each return value, | 
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| 120 | //!   e.g. `builder = builder.ipsum(42)`. | 
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| 121 | //! | 
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| 122 | //! ## Mutable, aka Non-Consuming (recommended) | 
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| 123 | //! | 
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| 124 | //! This pattern is recommended and active by default if you don't specify anything else. | 
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| 125 | //! You can precede your struct (or field) with `#[builder(pattern = "mutable")]` | 
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| 126 | //! to make this choice explicit. | 
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| 127 | //! | 
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| 128 | //! * Setters take and return `&mut self`. | 
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| 129 | //! * PRO: Setter calls and final build method can be chained. | 
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| 130 | //! * CON: The build method must clone or copy data to create something owned out of a | 
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| 131 | //!   mutable reference. Otherwise it could not be used in a chain. **(*)** | 
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| 132 | //! | 
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| 133 | //! ## Immutable | 
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| 134 | //! | 
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| 135 | //! Precede your struct (or field) with `#[builder(pattern = "immutable")]` to opt into this pattern. | 
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| 136 | //! | 
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| 137 | //! * Setters take and return `&self`. | 
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| 138 | //! * PRO: Setter calls and final build method can be chained. | 
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| 139 | //! * CON: If you don't chain your calls, you have to create a reference to each return value, | 
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| 140 | //!   e.g. `builder = builder.ipsum(42)`. | 
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| 141 | //! * CON: The build method _and each setter_ must clone or copy data to create something owned | 
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| 142 | //!   out of a reference. **(*)** | 
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| 143 | //! | 
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| 144 | //! ## (*) Performance Considerations | 
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| 145 | //! | 
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| 146 | //! Luckily Rust is clever enough to optimize these clone-calls away in release builds | 
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| 147 | //! for your every-day use cases. Thats quite a safe bet - we checked this for you. ;-) | 
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| 148 | //! Switching to consuming signatures (=`self`) is unlikely to give you any performance | 
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| 149 | //! gain, but very likely to restrict your API for non-chained use cases. | 
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| 150 | //! | 
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| 151 | //! # More Features | 
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| 152 | //! | 
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| 153 | //! ## Hidden Fields | 
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| 154 | //! | 
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| 155 | //! You can hide fields by skipping their setters on (and presence in) the builder struct. | 
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| 156 | //! | 
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| 157 | //! - Opt-out — skip setters via `#[builder(setter(skip))]` on individual fields. | 
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| 158 | //! - Opt-in — set `#[builder(setter(skip))]` on the whole struct | 
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| 159 | //!   and enable individual setters via `#[builder(setter)]`. | 
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| 160 | //! | 
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| 161 | //! The types of skipped fields must implement `Default`. | 
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| 162 | //! | 
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| 163 | //! ```rust | 
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| 164 | //! # use derive_builder::Builder; | 
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| 165 | //! # | 
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| 166 | //! #[derive(Builder)] | 
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| 167 | //! struct HiddenField { | 
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| 168 | //!     setter_present: u32, | 
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| 169 | //!     #[builder(setter(skip))] | 
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| 170 | //!     setter_skipped: u32, | 
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| 171 | //! } | 
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| 172 | //! # fn main() {} | 
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| 173 | //! ``` | 
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| 174 | //! | 
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| 175 | //! Alternatively, you can use the more verbose form: | 
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| 176 | //! | 
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| 177 | //! - `#[builder(setter(skip = true))]` | 
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| 178 | //! - `#[builder(setter(skip = false))]` | 
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| 179 | //! | 
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| 180 | //! ## Custom setters (skip autogenerated setters) | 
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| 181 | //! | 
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| 182 | //! Similarly to `setter(skip)`, you can say that you will provide your own setter methods. | 
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| 183 | //! This simply suppresses the generation of the setter, leaving the field in the builder, | 
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| 184 | //! as `Option<T>`. | 
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| 185 | //! | 
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| 186 | //! ```rust | 
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| 187 | //! # use derive_builder::Builder; | 
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| 188 | //! # | 
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| 189 | //! #[derive(Builder)] | 
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| 190 | //! struct SetterOptOut { | 
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| 191 | //!     #[builder(setter(custom))] | 
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| 192 | //!     custom_setter: u32, | 
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| 193 | //! } | 
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| 194 | //! impl SetterOptOutBuilder { | 
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| 195 | //!     fn custom_setter(&mut self, value: u32) { | 
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| 196 | //!         self.custom_setter = Some(value); | 
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| 197 | //!     } | 
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| 198 | //! } | 
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| 199 | //! # fn main() {} | 
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| 200 | //! ``` | 
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| 201 | //! | 
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| 202 | //! Again, the more verbose form is accepted: | 
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| 203 | //! | 
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| 204 | //! - `#[builder(setter(custom = true))]` | 
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| 205 | //! - `#[builder(setter(custom = false))]` | 
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| 206 | //! | 
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| 207 | //! ## Setter Visibility | 
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| 208 | //! | 
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| 209 | //! Setters are public by default. You can precede your struct (or field) with `#[builder(public)]` | 
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| 210 | //! to make this explicit. | 
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| 211 | //! | 
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| 212 | //! Otherwise precede your struct (or field) with `#[builder(private)]` to opt into private | 
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| 213 | //! setters. | 
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| 214 | //! | 
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| 215 | //! ## Generated builder struct name | 
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| 216 | //! | 
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| 217 | //! By default, the builder struct for `struct Foo` is `FooBuilder`. | 
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| 218 | //! You can override this: | 
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| 219 | //! | 
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| 220 | //! ```rust | 
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| 221 | //! # use derive_builder::Builder; | 
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| 222 | //! # | 
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| 223 | //! #[derive(Builder)] | 
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| 224 | //! #[builder(name = "FooConstructor")] | 
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| 225 | //! struct Foo { } | 
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| 226 | //! | 
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| 227 | //! # fn main() -> Result<(), FooConstructorError> { | 
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| 228 | //! let foo: Foo = FooConstructor::default().build()?; | 
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| 229 | //! # Ok(()) | 
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| 230 | //! # } | 
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| 231 | //! ``` | 
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| 232 | //! | 
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| 233 | //! ## Setter Name/Prefix | 
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| 234 | //! | 
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| 235 | //! Setter methods are named after their corresponding field by default. | 
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| 236 | //! | 
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| 237 | //! - You can customize the setter name via `#[builder(setter(name = "foo"))`. | 
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| 238 | //! - Alternatively you can set a prefix via `#[builder(setter(prefix = "xyz"))`, which will change | 
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| 239 | //!   the method name to `xyz_foo` if the field is named `foo`. Note that an underscore is | 
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| 240 | //!   inserted, since Rust favors snake case here. | 
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| 241 | //! | 
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| 242 | //! Prefixes can also be defined on the struct level, but renames only work on fields. Renames | 
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| 243 | //! take precedence over prefix definitions. | 
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| 244 | //! | 
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| 245 | //! ## Generic Setters | 
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| 246 | //! | 
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| 247 | //! You can make each setter generic over the `Into`-trait. It's as simple as adding | 
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| 248 | //! `#[builder(setter(into))]` to either a field or the whole struct. | 
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| 249 | //! | 
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| 250 | //! ```rust | 
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| 251 | //! # use derive_builder::Builder; | 
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| 252 | //! # | 
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| 253 | //! #[derive(Builder, Debug, PartialEq)] | 
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| 254 | //! struct Lorem { | 
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| 255 | //!     #[builder(setter(into))] | 
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| 256 | //!     pub ipsum: String, | 
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| 257 | //! } | 
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| 258 | //! | 
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| 259 | //! fn main() { | 
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| 260 | //!     // `"foo"` will be converted into a `String` automatically. | 
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| 261 | //!     let x = LoremBuilder::default().ipsum( "foo").build().unwrap(); | 
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| 262 | //! | 
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| 263 | //!     assert_eq!(x, Lorem { | 
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| 264 | //!         ipsum: "foo".to_string(), | 
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| 265 | //!     }); | 
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| 266 | //! } | 
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| 267 | //! ``` | 
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| 268 | //! | 
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| 269 | //! ## Setters for Option | 
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| 270 | //! | 
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| 271 | //! You can avoid wrapping values in `Some(...)` for fields of type `Option<T>`. It's as simple as adding | 
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| 272 | //! `#[builder(setter(strip_option))]` to either a single field or the whole struct. | 
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| 273 | //! | 
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| 274 | //! ```rust | 
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| 275 | //! # use derive_builder::Builder; | 
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| 276 | //! # | 
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| 277 | //! #[derive(Builder, Debug, PartialEq)] | 
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| 278 | //! struct Lorem { | 
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| 279 | //!     #[builder(setter(into, strip_option))] | 
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| 280 | //!     pub ipsum: Option<String>, | 
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| 281 | //!     #[builder(setter(into, strip_option), default)] | 
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| 282 | //!     pub foo: Option<String>, | 
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| 283 | //! } | 
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| 284 | //! | 
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| 285 | //! fn main() { | 
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| 286 | //!     // `"foo"` will be converted into a `String` automatically. | 
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| 287 | //!     let x = LoremBuilder::default().ipsum( "foo").build().unwrap(); | 
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| 288 | //! | 
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| 289 | //!     assert_eq!(x, Lorem { | 
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| 290 | //!         ipsum: Some( "foo".to_string()), | 
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| 291 | //!         foo: None | 
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| 292 | //!     }); | 
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| 293 | //! } | 
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| 294 | //! ``` | 
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| 295 | //! If you want to set the value to None when unset, then enable `default` on this field (or do not use `strip_option`). | 
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| 296 | //! | 
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| 297 | //! Limitation: only the `Option` type name is supported, not type alias nor `std::option::Option`. | 
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| 298 | //! | 
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| 299 | //! ## Fallible Setters | 
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| 300 | //! | 
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| 301 | //! Alongside the normal setter methods, you can expose fallible setters which are generic over | 
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| 302 | //! the `TryInto` trait. TryInto is similar to `Into` with the key distinction that the conversion | 
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| 303 | //! can fail, and therefore produces a `Result`. | 
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| 304 | //! | 
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| 305 | //! You can only declare the `try_setter` attribute today if you're targeting nightly, and you have | 
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| 306 | //! to add `#![feature(try_from)]` to your crate to use it. | 
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| 307 | //! | 
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| 308 | //! ```rust | 
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| 309 | //! # use derive_builder::Builder; | 
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| 310 | //! #[derive(Builder, Debug, PartialEq)] | 
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| 311 | //! #[builder(try_setter, setter(into))] | 
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| 312 | //! struct Lorem { | 
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| 313 | //!     pub name: String, | 
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| 314 | //!     pub ipsum: u8, | 
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| 315 | //! } | 
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| 316 | //! | 
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| 317 | //! #[derive(Builder, Debug, PartialEq)] | 
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| 318 | //! struct Ipsum { | 
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| 319 | //!     #[builder(try_setter, setter(into, name = "foo"))] | 
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| 320 | //!     pub dolor: u8, | 
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| 321 | //! } | 
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| 322 | //! | 
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| 323 | //! fn main() { | 
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| 324 | //!    LoremBuilder::default() | 
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| 325 | //!        .try_ipsum(1u16).unwrap() | 
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| 326 | //!        .name( "hello") | 
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| 327 | //!        .build() | 
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| 328 | //!        .expect( "1 fits into a u8"); | 
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| 329 | //! | 
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| 330 | //!    IpsumBuilder::default() | 
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| 331 | //!        .try_foo(1u16).unwrap() | 
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| 332 | //!        .build() | 
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| 333 | //!        .expect( "1 fits into a u8"); | 
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| 334 | //! } | 
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| 335 | //! ``` | 
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| 336 | //! | 
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| 337 | //! ## Default Values | 
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| 338 | //! | 
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| 339 | //! You can define default values for each field via annotation by `#[builder(default = "...")]`, | 
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| 340 | //! where `...` stands for any Rust expression and must be string-escaped, e.g. | 
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| 341 | //! | 
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| 342 | //! * `#[builder(default = "42")]` | 
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| 343 | //! * `#[builder(default)]` delegates to the [`Default`] trait of the base type. | 
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| 344 | //! | 
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| 345 | //! The expression will be evaluated with each call to `build`. | 
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| 346 | //! | 
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| 347 | //! ```rust | 
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| 348 | //! # use derive_builder::Builder; | 
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| 349 | //! # | 
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| 350 | //! #[derive(Builder, Debug, PartialEq)] | 
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| 351 | //! struct Lorem { | 
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| 352 | //!     #[builder(default = "42")] | 
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| 353 | //!     pub ipsum: u32, | 
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| 354 | //! } | 
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| 355 | //! | 
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| 356 | //! fn main() { | 
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| 357 | //!     // If we don't set the field `ipsum`, | 
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| 358 | //!     let x = LoremBuilder::default().build().unwrap(); | 
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| 359 | //! | 
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| 360 | //!     // .. the custom default will be used for `ipsum`: | 
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| 361 | //!     assert_eq!(x, Lorem { | 
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| 362 | //!         ipsum: 42, | 
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| 363 | //!     }); | 
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| 364 | //! } | 
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| 365 | //! ``` | 
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| 366 | //! | 
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| 367 | //! ### Tips on Defaults | 
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| 368 | //! | 
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| 369 | //! * The `#[builder(default)]` annotation can be used on the struct level, too. Overrides are | 
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| 370 | //!   still possible. | 
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| 371 | //! * Delegate to a private helper method on `FooBuilder` for anything fancy. This way | 
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| 372 | //!   you will get _much better error diagnostics_ from the rust compiler and it will be _much | 
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| 373 | //!   more readable_ for other human beings. :-) | 
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| 374 | //! * Defaults will not work while using `#[builder(build_fn(skip))]`. In this case, you'll | 
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| 375 | //!   need to handle default values yourself when converting from the builder, such as by | 
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| 376 | //!   using `.unwrap_or()` and `.unwrap_or_else()`. | 
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| 377 | //! | 
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| 378 | //! [`Default`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/default/trait.Default.html | 
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| 379 | //! | 
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| 380 | //! ```rust | 
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| 381 | //! # use derive_builder::Builder; | 
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| 382 | //! # | 
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| 383 | //! # #[derive(Builder, PartialEq, Debug)] | 
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| 384 | //! struct Lorem { | 
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| 385 | //!     ipsum: String, | 
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| 386 | //!     // Custom defaults can delegate to helper methods | 
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| 387 | //!     // and pass errors to the enclosing `build()` method via `?`. | 
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| 388 | //!     #[builder(default = "self.default_dolor()?")] | 
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| 389 | //!     dolor: String, | 
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| 390 | //! } | 
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| 391 | //! | 
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| 392 | //! impl LoremBuilder { | 
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| 393 | //!     // Private helper method with access to the builder struct. | 
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| 394 | //!     fn default_dolor(&self) -> Result<String, String> { | 
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| 395 | //!         match self.ipsum { | 
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| 396 | //!             Some(ref x) if x.chars().count() > 3 => Ok(format!( "dolor {}", x)), | 
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| 397 | //!             _ => Err( "ipsum must at least 3 chars to build dolor".to_string()), | 
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| 398 | //!         } | 
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| 399 | //!     } | 
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| 400 | //! } | 
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| 401 | //! | 
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| 402 | //! # fn main() { | 
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| 403 | //! #     let x = LoremBuilder::default() | 
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| 404 | //! #         .ipsum( "ipsum".to_string()) | 
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| 405 | //! #         .build() | 
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| 406 | //! #         .unwrap(); | 
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| 407 | //! # | 
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| 408 | //! #     assert_eq!(x, Lorem { | 
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| 409 | //! #         ipsum: "ipsum".to_string(), | 
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| 410 | //! #         dolor: "dolor ipsum".to_string(), | 
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| 411 | //! #     }); | 
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| 412 | //! # } | 
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| 413 | //! ``` | 
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| 414 | //! | 
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| 415 | //! You can even reference other fields, but you have to remember that the builder struct | 
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| 416 | //! will wrap every type in an Option ([as illustrated earlier](#what-you-get)). | 
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| 417 | //! | 
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| 418 | //! ## Generic Structs | 
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| 419 | //! | 
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| 420 | //! ```rust | 
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| 421 | //! # use derive_builder::Builder; | 
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| 422 | //! # | 
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| 423 | //! #[derive(Builder, Debug, PartialEq, Default, Clone)] | 
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| 424 | //! struct GenLorem<T: Clone> { | 
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| 425 | //!     ipsum: &'static str, | 
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| 426 | //!     dolor: T, | 
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| 427 | //! } | 
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| 428 | //! | 
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| 429 | //! fn main() { | 
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| 430 | //!     let x = GenLoremBuilder::default().ipsum( "sit").dolor(42).build().unwrap(); | 
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| 431 | //!     assert_eq!(x, GenLorem { ipsum: "sit".into(), dolor: 42 }); | 
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| 432 | //! } | 
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| 433 | //! ``` | 
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| 434 | //! | 
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| 435 | //! ## Build Method Customization | 
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| 436 | //! | 
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| 437 | //! You can rename or suppress the auto-generated build method, leaving you free to implement | 
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| 438 | //! your own version. Suppression is done using `#[builder(build_fn(skip))]` at the struct level, | 
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| 439 | //! and renaming is done with `#[builder(build_fn(name = "YOUR_NAME"))]`. | 
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| 440 | //! | 
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| 441 | //! Additionally if you want to make the build method private you can apply `#[builder(build_fn(private))]`. | 
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| 442 | //! | 
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| 443 | //! ## Pre-Build Validation | 
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| 444 | //! | 
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| 445 | //! If you're using the provided `build` method, you can declare | 
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| 446 | //! `#[builder(build_fn(validate = "path::to::fn"))]` to specify a validator function which gets | 
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| 447 | //! access to the builder before construction. The path does not need to be fully-qualified, and | 
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| 448 | //! will consider `use` statements made at module level. It must be accessible from the scope | 
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| 449 | //! where the target struct is declared. | 
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| 450 | //! | 
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| 451 | //! The provided function must have the signature `(&FooBuilder) -> Result<_, String>`; | 
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| 452 | //! the `Ok` variant is not used by the `build` method. | 
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| 453 | //! | 
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| 454 | //! ```rust | 
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| 455 | //! # use derive_builder::Builder; | 
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| 456 | //! # | 
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| 457 | //! #[derive(Builder, Debug, PartialEq)] | 
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| 458 | //! #[builder(build_fn(validate = "Self::validate"))] | 
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| 459 | //! struct Lorem { | 
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| 460 | //!     pub ipsum: u8, | 
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| 461 | //! } | 
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| 462 | //! | 
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| 463 | //! impl LoremBuilder { | 
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| 464 | //!     /// Check that `Lorem` is putting in the right amount of effort. | 
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| 465 | //!     fn validate(&self) -> Result<(), String> { | 
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| 466 | //!         if let Some(ref ipsum) = self.ipsum { | 
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| 467 | //!             match *ipsum { | 
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| 468 | //!                 i if i < 20 => Err( "Try harder".to_string()), | 
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| 469 | //!                 i if i > 100 => Err( "You'll tire yourself out".to_string()), | 
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| 470 | //!                 _ => Ok(()) | 
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| 471 | //!             } | 
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| 472 | //!         } else { | 
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| 473 | //!             Ok(()) | 
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| 474 | //!         } | 
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| 475 | //!     } | 
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| 476 | //! } | 
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| 477 | //! | 
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| 478 | //! fn main() { | 
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| 479 | //!     // If we're trying too hard... | 
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| 480 | //!     let x = LoremBuilder::default().ipsum(120).build().unwrap_err(); | 
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| 481 | //! | 
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| 482 | //!     // .. the build will fail: | 
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| 483 | //!     assert_eq!(&x.to_string(), "You'll tire yourself out"); | 
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| 484 | //! } | 
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| 485 | //! ``` | 
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| 486 | //! | 
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| 487 | //! Note: | 
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| 488 | //! * Default values are applied _after_ validation, and will therefore not be validated! | 
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| 489 | //! | 
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| 490 | //! ## Additional Trait Derivations | 
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| 491 | //! | 
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| 492 | //! You can derive additional traits on the builder, including traits defined by other crates: | 
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| 493 | //! | 
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| 494 | //! ```rust | 
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| 495 | //! # use derive_builder::Builder; | 
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| 496 | //! # | 
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| 497 | //! #[derive(Builder, Clone)] | 
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| 498 | //! #[builder(derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq))] | 
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| 499 | //! pub struct Lorem { | 
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| 500 | //!     foo: u8, | 
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| 501 | //!     bar: String, | 
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| 502 | //! } | 
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| 503 | //! | 
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| 504 | //! fn main() { | 
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| 505 | //!    assert_eq!(LoremBuilder::default(), LoremBuilder::default()); | 
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| 506 | //! } | 
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| 507 | //! ``` | 
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| 508 | //! | 
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| 509 | //! Attributes declared for those traits are _not_ forwarded to the fields on the builder. | 
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| 510 | //! | 
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| 511 | //! ## Documentation Comments and Attributes | 
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| 512 | //! | 
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| 513 | //! `#[derive(Builder)]` copies doc comments and attributes (`#[...]`) from your fields | 
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| 514 | //! to the according builder fields and setter-methods, if it is one of the following: | 
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| 515 | //! | 
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| 516 | //! * `/// ...` | 
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| 517 | //! * `#[doc = ...]` | 
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| 518 | //! * `#[cfg(...)]` | 
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| 519 | //! * `#[allow(...)]` | 
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| 520 | //! | 
|---|
| 521 | //! The whitelisting minimizes interference with other custom attributes like | 
|---|
| 522 | //! those used by Serde, Diesel, or others. | 
|---|
| 523 | //! | 
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| 524 | //! ```rust | 
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| 525 | //! # use derive_builder::Builder; | 
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| 526 | //! # | 
|---|
| 527 | //! #[derive(Builder)] | 
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| 528 | //! struct Lorem { | 
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| 529 | //!     /// `ipsum` may be any `String` (be creative). | 
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| 530 | //!     ipsum: String, | 
|---|
| 531 | //!     #[ doc= r"`dolor` is the estimated amount of work."] | 
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| 532 | //!     dolor: i32, | 
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| 533 | //!     // `#[derive(Builder)]` understands conditional compilation via cfg-attributes, | 
|---|
| 534 | //!     // i.e. => "no field = no setter". | 
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| 535 | //!     #[ cfg(target_os = "macos")] | 
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| 536 | //!     #[ allow(non_snake_case)] | 
|---|
| 537 | //!     Im_a_Mac: bool, | 
|---|
| 538 | //! } | 
|---|
| 539 | //! # fn main() {} | 
|---|
| 540 | //! ``` | 
|---|
| 541 | //! | 
|---|
| 542 | //! ### Pass-through Attributes | 
|---|
| 543 | //! | 
|---|
| 544 | //! You can set attributes on elements of the builder using the `builder_*_attr` attributes: | 
|---|
| 545 | //! | 
|---|
| 546 | //! - `builder_struct_attr` adds attributes after `#[derive(...)]` on the builder struct. | 
|---|
| 547 | //! - `builder_impl_attr` adds attributes on the `impl` block | 
|---|
| 548 | //! - `builder_field_attr` adds attributes to field declarations in the builder struct. | 
|---|
| 549 | //! - `builder_setter_attr` adds attributes to the setter in the `impl` block. | 
|---|
| 550 | //! | 
|---|
| 551 | //! ```rust | 
|---|
| 552 | //! # use derive_builder::Builder; | 
|---|
| 553 | //! # | 
|---|
| 554 | //! #[derive(Builder)] | 
|---|
| 555 | //! #[builder(derive(serde::Serialize))] | 
|---|
| 556 | //! #[builder_struct_attr(serde(rename_all = "camelCase"))] | 
|---|
| 557 | //! struct Lorem { | 
|---|
| 558 | //!     #[builder_field_attr(serde(rename= "dolor"))] | 
|---|
| 559 | //!     ipsum: String, | 
|---|
| 560 | //! } | 
|---|
| 561 | //! | 
|---|
| 562 | //! # fn main() { | 
|---|
| 563 | //! let mut show = LoremBuilder::default(); | 
|---|
| 564 | //! show.ipsum( "sit".into()); | 
|---|
| 565 | //! assert_eq!(serde_json::to_string(&show).unwrap(), r#"{"dolor":"sit"}"#); | 
|---|
| 566 | //! # } | 
|---|
| 567 | //! ``` | 
|---|
| 568 | //! | 
|---|
| 569 | //! # Error return type from autogenerated `build` function | 
|---|
| 570 | //! | 
|---|
| 571 | //! By default, `build` returns an autogenerated error type: | 
|---|
| 572 | //! | 
|---|
| 573 | //! ```rust | 
|---|
| 574 | //! # use derive_builder::UninitializedFieldError; | 
|---|
| 575 | //! # use std::fmt::{self, Display}; | 
|---|
| 576 | //! # | 
|---|
| 577 | //! #[doc= "Error type for LoremBuilder"] | 
|---|
| 578 | //! #[derive(Debug)] | 
|---|
| 579 | //! #[non_exhaustive] | 
|---|
| 580 | //! pub enum LoremBuilderError { // where `LoremBuilder` is the name of the builder struct | 
|---|
| 581 | //!     /// Uninitialized field | 
|---|
| 582 | //!     UninitializedField(&'static str), | 
|---|
| 583 | //!     /// Custom validation error | 
|---|
| 584 | //!     ValidationError(String), | 
|---|
| 585 | //! } | 
|---|
| 586 | //! | 
|---|
| 587 | //! impl From<String> for LoremBuilderError { | 
|---|
| 588 | //!     fn from(s: String) -> Self { Self::ValidationError(s) } | 
|---|
| 589 | //! } | 
|---|
| 590 | //! impl From<UninitializedFieldError> for LoremBuilderError { // ... | 
|---|
| 591 | //! # fn from(s: UninitializedFieldError) -> Self { todo!() } } | 
|---|
| 592 | //! impl Display for LoremBuilderError { // ... | 
|---|
| 593 | //! # fn fmt(&self, _: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result { todo!() } } | 
|---|
| 594 | //! impl std::error::Error for LoremBuilderError {} | 
|---|
| 595 | //! ``` | 
|---|
| 596 | //! | 
|---|
| 597 | //! Alternatively, you can specify your own error type: | 
|---|
| 598 | //! ```rust | 
|---|
| 599 | //! # use derive_builder::{Builder, UninitializedFieldError}; | 
|---|
| 600 | //! # | 
|---|
| 601 | //! #[derive(Builder, Debug, PartialEq)] | 
|---|
| 602 | //! #[builder(build_fn(error = "OurLoremError"))] | 
|---|
| 603 | //! struct Lorem { | 
|---|
| 604 | //!     pub ipsum: u32, | 
|---|
| 605 | //! } | 
|---|
| 606 | //! | 
|---|
| 607 | //! struct OurLoremError(String); | 
|---|
| 608 | //! | 
|---|
| 609 | //! impl From<UninitializedFieldError> for OurLoremError { | 
|---|
| 610 | //!     fn from(ufe: UninitializedFieldError) -> OurLoremError { OurLoremError(ufe.to_string()) } | 
|---|
| 611 | //! } | 
|---|
| 612 | //! | 
|---|
| 613 | //! # fn main() { | 
|---|
| 614 | //! let err: OurLoremError = LoremBuilder::default().build().unwrap_err(); | 
|---|
| 615 | //! assert_eq!(&err.0, "Field not initialized: ipsum"); | 
|---|
| 616 | //! # } | 
|---|
| 617 | //! ``` | 
|---|
| 618 | //! | 
|---|
| 619 | //! # Completely custom fields in the builder | 
|---|
| 620 | //! | 
|---|
| 621 | //! Instead of having an `Option`, you can have whatever type you like: | 
|---|
| 622 | //! | 
|---|
| 623 | //! ```rust | 
|---|
| 624 | //! # use derive_builder::Builder; | 
|---|
| 625 | //! #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Default, Builder, Clone)] | 
|---|
| 626 | //! #[builder(derive(Debug, PartialEq))] | 
|---|
| 627 | //! struct Lorem { | 
|---|
| 628 | //!     #[builder(setter(into), field(ty = "u32"))] | 
|---|
| 629 | //!     ipsum: u32, | 
|---|
| 630 | //! | 
|---|
| 631 | //!     #[builder(field(ty = "String", build = "()"))] | 
|---|
| 632 | //!     dolor: (), | 
|---|
| 633 | //! | 
|---|
| 634 | //!     #[builder(field(ty = "&'static str", build = "self.amet.parse()?"))] | 
|---|
| 635 | //!     amet: u32, | 
|---|
| 636 | //! } | 
|---|
| 637 | //! | 
|---|
| 638 | //! impl From<std::num::ParseIntError> for LoremBuilderError { // ... | 
|---|
| 639 | //! #     fn from(e: std::num::ParseIntError) -> LoremBuilderError { | 
|---|
| 640 | //! #         e.to_string().into() | 
|---|
| 641 | //! #     } | 
|---|
| 642 | //! # } | 
|---|
| 643 | //! | 
|---|
| 644 | //! # fn main() { | 
|---|
| 645 | //! let mut builder = LoremBuilder::default(); | 
|---|
| 646 | //! builder.ipsum(42u16).dolor( "sit".into()).amet( "12"); | 
|---|
| 647 | //! assert_eq!(builder, LoremBuilder { ipsum: 42, dolor: "sit".into(), amet: "12"}); | 
|---|
| 648 | //! let lorem = builder.build().unwrap(); | 
|---|
| 649 | //! assert_eq!(lorem, Lorem { ipsum: 42, dolor: (), amet: 12 }); | 
|---|
| 650 | //! # } | 
|---|
| 651 | //! ``` | 
|---|
| 652 | //! | 
|---|
| 653 | //! The builder field type (`ty =`) must implement `Default`. | 
|---|
| 654 | //! | 
|---|
| 655 | //! The argument to `build` must be a literal string containing Rust code for the contents of a block, which must evaluate to the type of the target field. | 
|---|
| 656 | //! It may refer to the builder struct as `self`, use `?`, etc. | 
|---|
| 657 | //! | 
|---|
| 658 | //! # **`#![no_std]`** Support (on Nightly) | 
|---|
| 659 | //! | 
|---|
| 660 | //! You can activate support for `#![no_std]` by adding `#[builder(no_std)]` to your struct | 
|---|
| 661 | //! and `#![feature(alloc)] extern crate alloc` to your crate. | 
|---|
| 662 | //! | 
|---|
| 663 | //! The latter requires the _nightly_ toolchain. | 
|---|
| 664 | //! | 
|---|
| 665 | //! # Troubleshooting | 
|---|
| 666 | //! | 
|---|
| 667 | //! ## Gotchas | 
|---|
| 668 | //! | 
|---|
| 669 | //! - Tuple structs and unit structs are not supported as they have no field | 
|---|
| 670 | //!   names. | 
|---|
| 671 | //! - Generic setters introduce a type parameter `VALUE: Into<_>`. Therefore you can't use | 
|---|
| 672 | //!   `VALUE` as a type parameter on a generic struct in combination with generic setters. | 
|---|
| 673 | //! - The `try_setter` attribute and `owned` builder pattern are not compatible in practice; | 
|---|
| 674 | //!   an error during building will consume the builder, making it impossible to continue | 
|---|
| 675 | //!   construction. | 
|---|
| 676 | //! - When re-exporting the underlying struct under a different name, the | 
|---|
| 677 | //!   auto-generated documentation will not match. | 
|---|
| 678 | //! - If derive_builder depends on your crate, and vice versa, then a cyclic | 
|---|
| 679 | //!   dependency would occur. To break it you could try to depend on the | 
|---|
| 680 | //!   [`derive_builder_core`] crate instead. | 
|---|
| 681 | //! | 
|---|
| 682 | //! ## Report Issues and Ideas | 
|---|
| 683 | //! | 
|---|
| 684 | //! [Open an issue on GitHub](https://github.com/colin-kiegel/rust-derive-builder/issues) | 
|---|
| 685 | //! | 
|---|
| 686 | //! If possible please try to provide the debugging info if you experience unexpected | 
|---|
| 687 | //! compilation errors (see above). | 
|---|
| 688 | //! | 
|---|
| 689 | //! [builder pattern]: https://web.archive.org/web/20170701044756/https://aturon.github.io/ownership/builders.html | 
|---|
| 690 | //! [`derive_builder_core`]: https://crates.io/crates/derive_builder_core | 
|---|
| 691 |  | 
|---|
| 692 | #![ deny(warnings)] | 
|---|
| 693 | #![ cfg_attr(not(feature = "std"), no_std)] | 
|---|
| 694 |  | 
|---|
| 695 | #[ cfg(feature = "alloc")] | 
|---|
| 696 | extern crate alloc; | 
|---|
| 697 |  | 
|---|
| 698 | extern crate derive_builder_macro; | 
|---|
| 699 |  | 
|---|
| 700 | mod error; | 
|---|
| 701 |  | 
|---|
| 702 | pub use derive_builder_macro::Builder; | 
|---|
| 703 |  | 
|---|
| 704 | #[ doc(inline)] | 
|---|
| 705 | pub use error::UninitializedFieldError; | 
|---|
| 706 |  | 
|---|
| 707 | #[ doc(hidden)] | 
|---|
| 708 | pub mod export { | 
|---|
| 709 | pub mod core { | 
|---|
| 710 | #[ cfg(feature = "alloc")] | 
|---|
| 711 | pub use ::alloc::string; | 
|---|
| 712 | #[ cfg(not(feature = "std"))] | 
|---|
| 713 | pub use core::*; | 
|---|
| 714 | #[ cfg(feature = "std")] | 
|---|
| 715 | pub use std::*; | 
|---|
| 716 | } | 
|---|
| 717 | } | 
|---|
| 718 |  | 
|---|