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40
41#include "qtimer.h"
42#include "qabstracteventdispatcher.h"
43#include "qcoreapplication.h"
44#include "qobject_p.h"
45#include "qthread.h"
46#include "qcoreapplication_p.h"
47
48QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
49
50/*!
51 \class QTimer
52 \inmodule QtCore
53 \brief The QTimer class provides repetitive and single-shot timers.
54
55 \ingroup events
56
57
58 The QTimer class provides a high-level programming interface for
59 timers. To use it, create a QTimer, connect its timeout() signal
60 to the appropriate slots, and call start(). From then on, it will
61 emit the timeout() signal at constant intervals.
62
63 Example for a one second (1000 millisecond) timer (from the
64 \l{widgets/analogclock}{Analog Clock} example):
65
66 \snippet ../widgets/widgets/analogclock/analogclock.cpp 4
67 \snippet ../widgets/widgets/analogclock/analogclock.cpp 5
68 \snippet ../widgets/widgets/analogclock/analogclock.cpp 6
69
70 From then on, the \c update() slot is called every second.
71
72 You can set a timer to time out only once by calling
73 setSingleShot(true). You can also use the static
74 QTimer::singleShot() function to call a slot after a specified
75 interval:
76
77 \snippet timers/timers.cpp 3
78
79 In multithreaded applications, you can use QTimer in any thread
80 that has an event loop. To start an event loop from a non-GUI
81 thread, use QThread::exec(). Qt uses the timer's
82 \l{QObject::thread()}{thread affinity} to determine which thread
83 will emit the \l{QTimer::}{timeout()} signal. Because of this, you
84 must start and stop the timer in its thread; it is not possible to
85 start a timer from another thread.
86
87 As a special case, a QTimer with a timeout of 0 will time out as soon as
88 possible, though the ordering between zero timers and other sources of
89 events is unspecified. Zero timers can be used to do some work while still
90 providing a snappy user interface:
91
92 \snippet timers/timers.cpp 4
93 \snippet timers/timers.cpp 5
94 \snippet timers/timers.cpp 6
95
96 From then on, \c processOneThing() will be called repeatedly. It
97 should be written in such a way that it always returns quickly
98 (typically after processing one data item) so that Qt can deliver
99 events to the user interface and stop the timer as soon as it has done all
100 its work. This is the traditional way of implementing heavy work
101 in GUI applications, but as multithreading is nowadays becoming available on
102 more and more platforms, we expect that zero-millisecond
103 QTimer objects will gradually be replaced by \l{QThread}s.
104
105 \section1 Accuracy and Timer Resolution
106
107 The accuracy of timers depends on the underlying operating system
108 and hardware. Most platforms support a resolution of 1 millisecond,
109 though the accuracy of the timer will not equal this resolution
110 in many real-world situations.
111
112 The accuracy also depends on the \l{Qt::TimerType}{timer type}. For
113 Qt::PreciseTimer, QTimer will try to keep the accuracy at 1 millisecond.
114 Precise timers will also never time out earlier than expected.
115
116 For Qt::CoarseTimer and Qt::VeryCoarseTimer types, QTimer may wake up
117 earlier than expected, within the margins for those types: 5% of the
118 interval for Qt::CoarseTimer and 500 ms for Qt::VeryCoarseTimer.
119
120 All timer types may time out later than expected if the system is busy or
121 unable to provide the requested accuracy. In such a case of timeout
122 overrun, Qt will emit timeout() only once, even if multiple timeouts have
123 expired, and then will resume the original interval.
124
125 \section1 Alternatives to QTimer
126
127 An alternative to using QTimer is to call QObject::startTimer()
128 for your object and reimplement the QObject::timerEvent() event
129 handler in your class (which must inherit QObject). The
130 disadvantage is that timerEvent() does not support such
131 high-level features as single-shot timers or signals.
132
133 Another alternative is QBasicTimer. It is typically less
134 cumbersome than using QObject::startTimer()
135 directly. See \l{Timers} for an overview of all three approaches.
136
137 Some operating systems limit the number of timers that may be
138 used; Qt tries to work around these limitations.
139
140 \sa QBasicTimer, QTimerEvent, QObject::timerEvent(), Timers,
141 {Analog Clock Example}, {Wiggly Example}
142*/
143
144static const int INV_TIMER = -1; // invalid timer id
145
146/*!
147 Constructs a timer with the given \a parent.
148*/
149
150QTimer::QTimer(QObject *parent)
151 : QObject(parent), id(INV_TIMER), inter(0), del(0), single(0), nulltimer(0), type(Qt::CoarseTimer)
152{
153 Q_UNUSED(del); // ### Qt 6: remove field
154}
155
156
157/*!
158 Destroys the timer.
159*/
160
161QTimer::~QTimer()
162{
163 if (id != INV_TIMER) // stop running timer
164 stop();
165}
166
167
168/*!
169 \fn void QTimer::timeout()
170
171 This signal is emitted when the timer times out.
172
173 \sa interval, start(), stop()
174*/
175
176/*!
177 \property QTimer::active
178 \since 4.3
179
180 This boolean property is \c true if the timer is running; otherwise
181 false.
182*/
183
184/*!
185 \fn bool QTimer::isActive() const
186
187 Returns \c true if the timer is running (pending); otherwise returns
188 false.
189*/
190
191/*!
192 \fn int QTimer::timerId() const
193
194 Returns the ID of the timer if the timer is running; otherwise returns
195 -1.
196*/
197
198
199/*! \overload start()
200
201 Starts or restarts the timer with the timeout specified in \l interval.
202
203 If the timer is already running, it will be
204 \l{QTimer::stop()}{stopped} and restarted.
205
206 If \l singleShot is true, the timer will be activated only once.
207*/
208void QTimer::start()
209{
210 if (id != INV_TIMER) // stop running timer
211 stop();
212 nulltimer = (!inter && single);
213 id = QObject::startTimer(interval: inter, timerType: Qt::TimerType(type));
214}
215
216/*!
217 Starts or restarts the timer with a timeout interval of \a msec
218 milliseconds.
219
220 If the timer is already running, it will be
221 \l{QTimer::stop()}{stopped} and restarted.
222
223 If \l singleShot is true, the timer will be activated only once.
224
225*/
226void QTimer::start(int msec)
227{
228 inter = msec;
229 start();
230}
231
232
233
234/*!
235 Stops the timer.
236
237 \sa start()
238*/
239
240void QTimer::stop()
241{
242 if (id != INV_TIMER) {
243 QObject::killTimer(id);
244 id = INV_TIMER;
245 }
246}
247
248
249/*!
250 \reimp
251*/
252void QTimer::timerEvent(QTimerEvent *e)
253{
254 if (e->timerId() == id) {
255 if (single)
256 stop();
257 emit timeout(QPrivateSignal());
258 }
259}
260
261class QSingleShotTimer : public QObject
262{
263 Q_OBJECT
264 int timerId;
265 bool hasValidReceiver;
266 QPointer<const QObject> receiver;
267 QtPrivate::QSlotObjectBase *slotObj;
268public:
269 ~QSingleShotTimer();
270 QSingleShotTimer(int msec, Qt::TimerType timerType, const QObject *r, const char * m);
271 QSingleShotTimer(int msec, Qt::TimerType timerType, const QObject *r, QtPrivate::QSlotObjectBase *slotObj);
272
273Q_SIGNALS:
274 void timeout();
275protected:
276 void timerEvent(QTimerEvent *) override;
277};
278
279QSingleShotTimer::QSingleShotTimer(int msec, Qt::TimerType timerType, const QObject *r, const char *member)
280 : QObject(QAbstractEventDispatcher::instance()), hasValidReceiver(true), slotObj(nullptr)
281{
282 timerId = startTimer(interval: msec, timerType);
283 connect(sender: this, SIGNAL(timeout()), receiver: r, member);
284}
285
286QSingleShotTimer::QSingleShotTimer(int msec, Qt::TimerType timerType, const QObject *r, QtPrivate::QSlotObjectBase *slotObj)
287 : QObject(QAbstractEventDispatcher::instance()), hasValidReceiver(r), receiver(r), slotObj(slotObj)
288{
289 timerId = startTimer(interval: msec, timerType);
290 if (r && thread() != r->thread()) {
291 // Avoid leaking the QSingleShotTimer instance in case the application exits before the timer fires
292 connect(sender: QCoreApplication::instance(), signal: &QCoreApplication::aboutToQuit, receiver: this, slot: &QObject::deleteLater);
293 setParent(nullptr);
294 moveToThread(thread: r->thread());
295 }
296}
297
298QSingleShotTimer::~QSingleShotTimer()
299{
300 if (timerId > 0)
301 killTimer(id: timerId);
302 if (slotObj)
303 slotObj->destroyIfLastRef();
304}
305
306void QSingleShotTimer::timerEvent(QTimerEvent *)
307{
308 // need to kill the timer _before_ we emit timeout() in case the
309 // slot connected to timeout calls processEvents()
310 if (timerId > 0)
311 killTimer(id: timerId);
312 timerId = -1;
313
314 if (slotObj) {
315 // If the receiver was destroyed, skip this part
316 if (Q_LIKELY(!receiver.isNull() || !hasValidReceiver)) {
317 // We allocate only the return type - we previously checked the function had
318 // no arguments.
319 void *args[1] = { nullptr };
320 slotObj->call(r: const_cast<QObject*>(receiver.data()), a: args);
321 }
322 } else {
323 emit timeout();
324 }
325
326 // we would like to use delete later here, but it feels like a
327 // waste to post a new event to handle this event, so we just unset the flag
328 // and explicitly delete...
329 qDeleteInEventHandler(o: this);
330}
331
332/*!
333 \internal
334
335 Implementation of the template version of singleShot
336
337 \a msec is the timer interval
338 \a timerType is the timer type
339 \a receiver is the receiver object, can be null. In such a case, it will be the same
340 as the final sender class.
341 \a slot a pointer only used when using Qt::UniqueConnection
342 \a slotObj the slot object
343 */
344void QTimer::singleShotImpl(int msec, Qt::TimerType timerType,
345 const QObject *receiver,
346 QtPrivate::QSlotObjectBase *slotObj)
347{
348 if (msec == 0) {
349 bool deleteReceiver = false;
350 // Optimize: set a receiver context when none is given, such that we can use
351 // QMetaObject::invokeMethod which is more efficient than going through a timer.
352 // We need a QObject living in the current thread. But the QThread itself lives
353 // in a different thread - with the exception of the main QThread which lives in
354 // itself. And QThread::currentThread() is among the few QObjects we know that will
355 // most certainly be there. Note that one can actually call singleShot before the
356 // QApplication is created!
357 if (!receiver && QThread::currentThread() == QCoreApplicationPrivate::mainThread()) {
358 // reuse main thread as context object
359 receiver = QThread::currentThread();
360 } else if (!receiver) {
361 // Create a receiver context object on-demand. According to the benchmarks,
362 // this is still more efficient than going through a timer.
363 receiver = new QObject;
364 deleteReceiver = true;
365 }
366
367 QMetaObject::invokeMethodImpl(object: const_cast<QObject *>(receiver), slot: slotObj,
368 type: Qt::QueuedConnection, ret: nullptr);
369
370 if (deleteReceiver)
371 const_cast<QObject *>(receiver)->deleteLater();
372 return;
373 }
374
375 new QSingleShotTimer(msec, timerType, receiver, slotObj);
376}
377
378/*!
379 \reentrant
380 This static function calls a slot after a given time interval.
381
382 It is very convenient to use this function because you do not need
383 to bother with a \l{QObject::timerEvent()}{timerEvent} or
384 create a local QTimer object.
385
386 Example:
387 \snippet code/src_corelib_kernel_qtimer.cpp 0
388
389 This sample program automatically terminates after 10 minutes
390 (600,000 milliseconds).
391
392 The \a receiver is the receiving object and the \a member is the
393 slot. The time interval is \a msec milliseconds.
394
395 \sa start()
396*/
397
398void QTimer::singleShot(int msec, const QObject *receiver, const char *member)
399{
400 // coarse timers are worst in their first firing
401 // so we prefer a high precision timer for something that happens only once
402 // unless the timeout is too big, in which case we go for coarse anyway
403 singleShot(msec, timerType: msec >= 2000 ? Qt::CoarseTimer : Qt::PreciseTimer, receiver, member);
404}
405
406/*! \overload
407 \reentrant
408 This static function calls a slot after a given time interval.
409
410 It is very convenient to use this function because you do not need
411 to bother with a \l{QObject::timerEvent()}{timerEvent} or
412 create a local QTimer object.
413
414 The \a receiver is the receiving object and the \a member is the slot. The
415 time interval is \a msec milliseconds. The \a timerType affects the
416 accuracy of the timer.
417
418 \sa start()
419*/
420void QTimer::singleShot(int msec, Qt::TimerType timerType, const QObject *receiver, const char *member)
421{
422 if (Q_UNLIKELY(msec < 0)) {
423 qWarning(msg: "QTimer::singleShot: Timers cannot have negative timeouts");
424 return;
425 }
426 if (receiver && member) {
427 if (msec == 0) {
428 // special code shortpath for 0-timers
429 const char* bracketPosition = strchr(s: member, c: '(');
430 if (!bracketPosition || !(member[0] >= '0' && member[0] <= '2')) {
431 qWarning(msg: "QTimer::singleShot: Invalid slot specification");
432 return;
433 }
434 QByteArray methodName(member+1, bracketPosition - 1 - member); // extract method name
435 QMetaObject::invokeMethod(obj: const_cast<QObject *>(receiver), member: methodName.constData(), type: Qt::QueuedConnection);
436 return;
437 }
438 (void) new QSingleShotTimer(msec, timerType, receiver, member);
439 }
440}
441
442/*! \fn template<typename PointerToMemberFunction> void QTimer::singleShot(int msec, const QObject *receiver, PointerToMemberFunction method)
443
444 \since 5.4
445
446 \overload
447 \reentrant
448 This static function calls a member function of a QObject after a given time interval.
449
450 It is very convenient to use this function because you do not need
451 to bother with a \l{QObject::timerEvent()}{timerEvent} or
452 create a local QTimer object.
453
454 The \a receiver is the receiving object and the \a method is the member function. The
455 time interval is \a msec milliseconds.
456
457 If \a receiver is destroyed before the interval occurs, the method will not be called.
458 The function will be run in the thread of \a receiver. The receiver's thread must have
459 a running Qt event loop.
460
461 \sa start()
462*/
463
464/*! \fn template<typename PointerToMemberFunction> void QTimer::singleShot(int msec, Qt::TimerType timerType, const QObject *receiver, PointerToMemberFunction method)
465
466 \since 5.4
467
468 \overload
469 \reentrant
470 This static function calls a member function of a QObject after a given time interval.
471
472 It is very convenient to use this function because you do not need
473 to bother with a \l{QObject::timerEvent()}{timerEvent} or
474 create a local QTimer object.
475
476 The \a receiver is the receiving object and the \a method is the member function. The
477 time interval is \a msec milliseconds. The \a timerType affects the
478 accuracy of the timer.
479
480 If \a receiver is destroyed before the interval occurs, the method will not be called.
481 The function will be run in the thread of \a receiver. The receiver's thread must have
482 a running Qt event loop.
483
484 \sa start()
485*/
486
487/*! \fn template<typename Functor> void QTimer::singleShot(int msec, Functor functor)
488
489 \since 5.4
490
491 \overload
492 \reentrant
493 This static function calls \a functor after a given time interval.
494
495 It is very convenient to use this function because you do not need
496 to bother with a \l{QObject::timerEvent()}{timerEvent} or
497 create a local QTimer object.
498
499 The time interval is \a msec milliseconds.
500
501 \sa start()
502*/
503
504/*! \fn template<typename Functor> void QTimer::singleShot(int msec, Qt::TimerType timerType, Functor functor)
505
506 \since 5.4
507
508 \overload
509 \reentrant
510 This static function calls \a functor after a given time interval.
511
512 It is very convenient to use this function because you do not need
513 to bother with a \l{QObject::timerEvent()}{timerEvent} or
514 create a local QTimer object.
515
516 The time interval is \a msec milliseconds. The \a timerType affects the
517 accuracy of the timer.
518
519 \sa start()
520*/
521
522/*! \fn template<typename Functor> void QTimer::singleShot(int msec, const QObject *context, Functor functor)
523
524 \since 5.4
525
526 \overload
527 \reentrant
528 This static function calls \a functor after a given time interval.
529
530 It is very convenient to use this function because you do not need
531 to bother with a \l{QObject::timerEvent()}{timerEvent} or
532 create a local QTimer object.
533
534 The time interval is \a msec milliseconds.
535
536 If \a context is destroyed before the interval occurs, the method will not be called.
537 The function will be run in the thread of \a context. The context's thread must have
538 a running Qt event loop.
539
540 \sa start()
541*/
542
543/*! \fn template<typename Functor> void QTimer::singleShot(int msec, Qt::TimerType timerType, const QObject *context, Functor functor)
544
545 \since 5.4
546
547 \overload
548 \reentrant
549 This static function calls \a functor after a given time interval.
550
551 It is very convenient to use this function because you do not need
552 to bother with a \l{QObject::timerEvent()}{timerEvent} or
553 create a local QTimer object.
554
555 The time interval is \a msec milliseconds. The \a timerType affects the
556 accuracy of the timer.
557
558 If \a context is destroyed before the interval occurs, the method will not be called.
559 The function will be run in the thread of \a context. The context's thread must have
560 a running Qt event loop.
561
562 \sa start()
563*/
564
565/*!
566 \fn void QTimer::singleShot(std::chrono::milliseconds msec, const QObject *receiver, const char *member)
567 \since 5.8
568 \overload
569 \reentrant
570
571 This static function calls a slot after a given time interval.
572
573 It is very convenient to use this function because you do not need
574 to bother with a \l{QObject::timerEvent()}{timerEvent} or
575 create a local QTimer object.
576
577 The \a receiver is the receiving object and the \a member is the slot. The
578 time interval is given in the duration object \a msec.
579
580 \sa start()
581*/
582
583/*!
584 \fn void QTimer::singleShot(std::chrono::milliseconds msec, Qt::TimerType timerType, const QObject *receiver, const char *member)
585 \since 5.8
586 \overload
587 \reentrant
588
589 This static function calls a slot after a given time interval.
590
591 It is very convenient to use this function because you do not need
592 to bother with a \l{QObject::timerEvent()}{timerEvent} or
593 create a local QTimer object.
594
595 The \a receiver is the receiving object and the \a member is the slot. The
596 time interval is given in the duration object \a msec. The \a timerType affects the
597 accuracy of the timer.
598
599 \sa start()
600*/
601
602/*!
603 \fn template <typename Functor> QMetaObject::Connection QTimer::callOnTimeout(Functor slot, Qt::ConnectionType connectionType = Qt::AutoConnection)
604 \since 5.12
605 \overload
606
607 Creates a connection of type \a connectionType from the timeout() signal
608 to \a slot, and returns a handle to the connection.
609
610 This method is provided for convenience.
611 It's equivalent to calling \c {QObject::connect(timer, &QTimer::timeout, timer, slot, connectionType)}.
612
613 \sa QObject::connect(), timeout()
614*/
615
616/*!
617 \fn template <typename Functor> QMetaObject::Connection QTimer::callOnTimeout(const QObject *context, Functor slot, Qt::ConnectionType connectionType = Qt::AutoConnection)
618 \since 5.12
619 \overload callOnTimeout()
620
621 Creates a connection from the timeout() signal to \a slot to be placed in a specific
622 event loop of \a context, and returns a handle to the connection.
623
624 This method is provided for convenience. It's equivalent to calling
625 \c {QObject::connect(timer, &QTimer::timeout, context, slot, connectionType)}.
626
627 \sa QObject::connect(), timeout()
628*/
629
630/*!
631 \fn template <typename MemberFunction> QMetaObject::Connection QTimer::callOnTimeout(const QObject *receiver, MemberFunction *slot, Qt::ConnectionType connectionType = Qt::AutoConnection)
632 \since 5.12
633 \overload callOnTimeout()
634
635 Creates a connection from the timeout() signal to the \a slot in the \a receiver object. Returns
636 a handle to the connection.
637
638 This method is provided for convenience. It's equivalent to calling
639 \c {QObject::connect(timer, &QTimer::timeout, receiver, slot, connectionType)}.
640
641 \sa QObject::connect(), timeout()
642*/
643
644/*!
645 \fn void QTimer::start(std::chrono::milliseconds msec)
646 \since 5.8
647 \overload
648
649 Starts or restarts the timer with a timeout of duration \a msec milliseconds.
650
651 If the timer is already running, it will be
652 \l{QTimer::stop()}{stopped} and restarted.
653
654 If \l singleShot is true, the timer will be activated only once.
655*/
656
657/*!
658 \fn std::chrono::milliseconds QTimer::intervalAsDuration() const
659 \since 5.8
660
661 Returns the interval of this timer as a \c std::chrono::milliseconds object.
662
663 \sa interval
664*/
665
666/*!
667 \fn std::chrono::milliseconds QTimer::remainingTimeAsDuration() const
668 \since 5.8
669
670 Returns the time remaining in this timer object as a \c
671 std::chrono::milliseconds object. If this timer is due or overdue, the
672 returned value is \c std::chrono::milliseconds::zero(). If the remaining
673 time could not be found or the timer is not active, this function returns a
674 negative duration.
675
676 \sa remainingTime()
677*/
678
679/*!
680 \property QTimer::singleShot
681 \brief whether the timer is a single-shot timer
682
683 A single-shot timer fires only once, non-single-shot timers fire
684 every \l interval milliseconds.
685
686 The default value for this property is \c false.
687
688 \sa interval, singleShot()
689*/
690
691/*!
692 \property QTimer::interval
693 \brief the timeout interval in milliseconds
694
695 The default value for this property is 0. A QTimer with a timeout
696 interval of 0 will time out as soon as all the events in the window
697 system's event queue have been processed.
698
699 Setting the interval of an active timer changes its timerId().
700
701 \sa singleShot
702*/
703void QTimer::setInterval(int msec)
704{
705 inter = msec;
706 if (id != INV_TIMER) { // create new timer
707 QObject::killTimer(id); // restart timer
708 id = QObject::startTimer(interval: msec, timerType: Qt::TimerType(type));
709 }
710}
711
712/*!
713 \property QTimer::remainingTime
714 \since 5.0
715 \brief the remaining time in milliseconds
716
717 Returns the timer's remaining value in milliseconds left until the timeout.
718 If the timer is inactive, the returned value will be -1. If the timer is
719 overdue, the returned value will be 0.
720
721 \sa interval
722*/
723int QTimer::remainingTime() const
724{
725 if (id != INV_TIMER) {
726 return QAbstractEventDispatcher::instance()->remainingTime(timerId: id);
727 }
728
729 return -1;
730}
731
732/*!
733 \property QTimer::timerType
734 \brief controls the accuracy of the timer
735
736 The default value for this property is \c Qt::CoarseTimer.
737
738 \sa Qt::TimerType
739*/
740
741QT_END_NAMESPACE
742
743#include "qtimer.moc"
744#include "moc_qtimer.cpp"
745

source code of qtbase/src/corelib/kernel/qtimer.cpp