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39
40#include <qshareddata.h>
41
42QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
43
44/*!
45 \class QSharedData
46 \inmodule QtCore
47 \brief The QSharedData class is a base class for shared data objects.
48 \reentrant
49
50 QSharedData is designed to be used with QSharedDataPointer or
51 QExplicitlySharedDataPointer to implement custom \l{implicitly
52 shared} or explicitly shared classes. QSharedData provides
53 \l{thread-safe} reference counting.
54
55 See QSharedDataPointer and QExplicitlySharedDataPointer for details.
56*/
57
58/*! \fn QSharedData::QSharedData()
59 Constructs a QSharedData object with a reference count of 0.
60*/
61
62/*! \fn QSharedData::QSharedData(const QSharedData& )
63 Constructs a QSharedData object with reference count 0.
64 The parameter is ignored.
65*/
66
67/*!
68 \class QSharedDataPointer
69 \inmodule QtCore
70 \brief The QSharedDataPointer class represents a pointer to an implicitly shared object.
71 \since 4.0
72 \reentrant
73
74 QSharedDataPointer\<T\> makes writing your own \l {implicitly
75 shared} classes easy. QSharedDataPointer implements \l {thread-safe}
76 reference counting, ensuring that adding QSharedDataPointers to your
77 \l {reentrant} classes won't make them non-reentrant.
78
79 \l {Implicit sharing} is used by many Qt classes to combine the
80 speed and memory efficiency of pointers with the ease of use of
81 classes. See the \l{Shared Classes} page for more information.
82
83 \target Employee example
84 Suppose you want to make an \c Employee class implicitly shared. The
85 procedure is:
86
87 \list
88
89 \li Define the class \c Employee to have a single data member of
90 type \c {QSharedDataPointer<EmployeeData>}.
91
92 \li Define the \c EmployeeData class derived from \l QSharedData to
93 contain all the data members you would normally have put in the
94 \c Employee class.
95
96 \endlist
97
98 To show this in practice, we review the source code for the
99 implicitly shared \c Employee class. In the header file we define the
100 two classes \c Employee and \c EmployeeData.
101
102 \snippet sharedemployee/employee.h 0
103
104 In class \c Employee, note the single data member, a \e {d pointer}
105 of type \c {QSharedDataPointer<EmployeeData>}. All accesses of
106 employee data must go through the \e {d pointer's} \c
107 {operator->()}. For write accesses, \c {operator->()} will
108 automatically call detach(), which creates a copy of the shared data
109 object if the shared data object's reference count is greater than
110 1. This ensures that writes to one \c Employee object don't affect
111 any other \c Employee objects that share the same \c EmployeeData
112 object.
113
114 Class \c EmployeeData inherits QSharedData, which provides the
115 \e{behind the scenes} reference counter. \c EmployeeData has a default
116 constructor, a copy constructor, and a destructor. Normally, trivial
117 implementations of these are all that is needed in the \e {data}
118 class for an implicitly shared class.
119
120 Implementing the two constructors for class \c Employee is also
121 straightforward. Both create a new instance of \c EmployeeData
122 and assign it to the \e{d pointer} .
123
124 \snippet sharedemployee/employee.h 1
125 \codeline
126 \snippet sharedemployee/employee.h 2
127
128 Note that class \c Employee also has a trivial copy constructor
129 defined, which is not strictly required in this case.
130
131 \snippet sharedemployee/employee.h 7
132
133 The copy constructor is not strictly required here, because class \c
134 EmployeeData is included in the same file as class \c Employee
135 (\c{employee.h}). However, including the private subclass of
136 QSharedData in the same file as the public class containing the
137 QSharedDataPointer is not typical. Normally, the idea is to hide the
138 private subclass of QSharedData from the user by putting it in a
139 separate file which would not be included in the public file. In
140 this case, we would normally put class \c EmployeeData in a separate
141 file, which would \e{not} be included in \c{employee.h}. Instead, we
142 would just predeclare the private subclass \c EmployeeData in \c
143 {employee.h} this way:
144
145 \snippet code/src_corelib_tools_qshareddata.cpp 0
146
147 If we had done it that way here, the copy constructor shown would be
148 required. Since the copy constructor is trivial, you might as well
149 just always include it.
150
151 Behind the scenes, QSharedDataPointer automatically increments the
152 reference count whenever an \c Employee object is copied, assigned,
153 or passed as a parameter. It decrements the reference count whenever
154 an \c Employee object is deleted or goes out of scope. The shared
155 \c EmployeeData object is deleted automatically if and when the
156 reference count reaches 0.
157
158 In a non-const member function of \c Employee, whenever the \e {d
159 pointer} is dereferenced, QSharedDataPointer automatically calls
160 detach() to ensure that the function operates on its own copy of the
161 data.
162
163 \snippet sharedemployee/employee.h 3
164 \codeline
165 \snippet sharedemployee/employee.h 4
166
167 Note that if detach() is called more than once in a member function
168 due to multiple dereferences of the \e {d pointer}, detach() will
169 only create a copy of the shared data the first time it is called,
170 if at all, because on the second and subsequent calls of detach(),
171 the reference count will be 1 again.
172
173 But note that in the second \c Employee constructor, which takes an
174 employee ID and a name, both setId() and setName() are called, but
175 they don't cause \e{copy on write}, because the reference count for
176 the newly constructed \c EmployeeData object has just been set to 1.
177
178 In \c Employee's \e const member functions, dereferencing the \e {d
179 pointer} does \e not cause detach() to be called.
180
181 \snippet sharedemployee/employee.h 5
182 \codeline
183 \snippet sharedemployee/employee.h 6
184
185 Notice that there is no need to implement a copy constructor or an
186 assignment operator for the \c Employee class, because the copy
187 constructor and assignment operator provided by the C++ compiler
188 will do the \e{member by member} shallow copy required. The only
189 member to copy is the \e {d pointer}, which is a QSharedDataPointer,
190 whose \c {operator=()} just increments the reference count of the
191 shared \c EmployeeData object.
192
193 \target Implicit vs Explicit Sharing
194 \section1 Implicit vs Explicit Sharing
195
196 Implicit sharing might not be right for the \c Employee class.
197 Consider a simple example that creates two instances of the
198 implicitly shared \c Employee class.
199
200 \snippet sharedemployee/main.cpp 0
201
202 After the second employee e2 is created and e1 is assigned to it,
203 both \c e1 and \c e2 refer to Albrecht Durer, employee 1001. Both \c
204 Employee objects point to the same instance of \c EmployeeData,
205 which has reference count 2. Then \c {e1.setName("Hans Holbein")} is
206 called to change the employee name, but because the reference count
207 is greater than 1, a \e{copy on write} is performed before the name
208 is changed. Now \c e1 and \c e2 point to different \c EmployeeData
209 objects. They have different names, but both have ID 1001, which is
210 probably not what you want. You can, of course, just continue with
211 \c {e1.setId(1002)}, if you really mean to create a second, unique
212 employee, but if you only want to change the employee's name
213 everywhere, consider using \l {QExplicitlySharedDataPointer}
214 {explicit sharing} in the \c Employee class instead of implicit
215 sharing.
216
217 If you declare the \e {d pointer} in the \c Employee class to be
218 \c {QExplicitlySharedDataPointer<EmployeeData>}, then explicit
219 sharing is used and \e{copy on write} operations are not performed
220 automatically (i.e. detach() is not called in non-const
221 functions). In that case, after \c {e1.setName("Hans Holbein")}, the
222 employee's name has been changed, but both e1 and e2 still refer to
223 the same instance of \c EmployeeData, so there is only one employee
224 with ID 1001.
225
226 In the member function documentation, \e{d pointer} always refers
227 to the internal pointer to the shared data object.
228
229 \section1 Optimize Performance for Usage in Qt Containers
230
231 You should consider marking your implicitly shared class as a movable type
232 using the Q_DECLARE_TYPEINFO() macro if it resembles the \c Employee class
233 above and uses a QSharedDataPointer or QExplicitlySharedDataPointer as the
234 only member. This can improve performance and memory efficiency when using
235 Qt's \l{container classes}.
236
237 \sa QSharedData, QExplicitlySharedDataPointer, QScopedPointer, QSharedPointer
238*/
239
240/*! \typedef QSharedDataPointer::Type
241 This is the type of the shared data object. The \e{d pointer}
242 points to an object of this type.
243 */
244
245/*! \typedef QSharedDataPointer::pointer
246 \internal
247 */
248
249/*! \fn template <class T> T& QSharedDataPointer<T>::operator*()
250 Provides access to the shared data object's members.
251 This function calls detach().
252*/
253
254/*! \fn template <class T> const T& QSharedDataPointer<T>::operator*() const
255 Provides const access to the shared data object's members.
256 This function does \e not call detach().
257*/
258
259/*! \fn template <class T> T* QSharedDataPointer<T>::operator->()
260 Provides access to the shared data object's members.
261 This function calls detach().
262*/
263
264/*! \fn template <class T> const T* QSharedDataPointer<T>::operator->() const
265 Provides const access to the shared data object's members.
266 This function does \e not call detach().
267*/
268
269/*! \fn template <class T> QSharedDataPointer<T>::operator T*()
270 Returns a pointer to the shared data object.
271 This function calls detach().
272
273 \sa data(), constData()
274*/
275
276/*! \fn template <class T> QSharedDataPointer<T>::operator const T*() const
277 Returns a pointer to the shared data object.
278 This function does \e not call detach().
279*/
280
281/*! \fn template <class T> T* QSharedDataPointer<T>::data()
282 Returns a pointer to the shared data object.
283 This function calls detach().
284
285 \sa constData()
286*/
287
288/*! \fn template <class T> const T* QSharedDataPointer<T>::data() const
289 Returns a pointer to the shared data object.
290 This function does \e not call detach().
291*/
292
293/*! \fn template <class T> const T* QSharedDataPointer<T>::constData() const
294 Returns a const pointer to the shared data object.
295 This function does \e not call detach().
296
297 \sa data()
298*/
299
300/*! \fn template <class T> void QSharedDataPointer<T>::swap(QSharedDataPointer &other)
301 Swap this instance's shared data pointer with the shared
302 data pointer in \a other.
303 */
304
305/*!
306 \fn template <class T> QSharedDataPointer<T> &QSharedDataPointer<T>::operator=(QSharedDataPointer<T> &&other)
307
308 Move-assigns \a other to this QSharedDataPointer instance.
309
310 \since 5.2
311*/
312
313/*! \fn template <class T> bool QSharedDataPointer<T>::operator==(const QSharedDataPointer<T>& other) const
314 Returns \c true if \a other and \e this have the same \e{d pointer}.
315 This function does \e not call detach().
316*/
317
318/*! \fn template <class T> bool QSharedDataPointer<T>::operator!=(const QSharedDataPointer<T>& other) const
319 Returns \c true if \a other and \e this do \e not have the same
320 \e{d pointer}. This function does \e not call detach().
321*/
322
323/*! \fn template <class T> QSharedDataPointer<T>::QSharedDataPointer()
324 Constructs a QSharedDataPointer initialized with \nullptr as \e{d pointer}.
325*/
326
327/*!
328 \fn template <class T> QSharedDataPointer<T>::QSharedDataPointer(QSharedDataPointer &&o)
329
330 Move-constructs a QSharedDataPointer instance, making it point at the same
331 object that \a o was pointing to.
332
333 \since 5.2
334*/
335
336/*! \fn template <class T> QSharedDataPointer<T>::~QSharedDataPointer()
337 Decrements the reference count of the shared data object.
338 If the reference count becomes 0, the shared data object
339 is deleted. \e This is then destroyed.
340*/
341
342/*! \fn template <class T> QSharedDataPointer<T>::QSharedDataPointer(T* data)
343 Constructs a QSharedDataPointer with \e{d pointer} set to
344 \a data and increments \a{data}'s reference count.
345*/
346
347/*! \fn template <class T> QSharedDataPointer<T>::QSharedDataPointer(const QSharedDataPointer<T>& o)
348 Sets the \e{d pointer} of \e this to the \e{d pointer} in
349 \a o and increments the reference count of the shared
350 data object.
351*/
352
353/*! \fn template <class T> QSharedDataPointer<T>& QSharedDataPointer<T>::operator=(const QSharedDataPointer<T>& o)
354 Sets the \e{d pointer} of \e this to the \e{d pointer} of
355 \a o and increments the reference count of the shared
356 data object. The reference count of the old shared data
357 object of \e this is decremented. If the reference count
358 of the old shared data object becomes 0, the old shared
359 data object is deleted.
360*/
361
362/*! \fn template <class T> QSharedDataPointer& QSharedDataPointer<T>::operator=(T* o)
363 Sets the \e{d pointer} og \e this to \a o and increments
364 \a{o}'s reference count. The reference count of the old
365 shared data object of \e this is decremented. If the reference
366 count of the old shared data object becomes 0, the old shared data
367 object is deleted.
368*/
369
370/*! \fn template <class T> bool QSharedDataPointer<T>::operator!() const
371 Returns \c true if the \e{d pointer} of \e this is \nullptr.
372*/
373
374/*! \fn template <class T> void QSharedDataPointer<T>::detach()
375 If the shared data object's reference count is greater than 1, this
376 function creates a deep copy of the shared data object and sets the
377 \e{d pointer} of \e this to the copy.
378
379 This function is called automatically by non-const member
380 functions of QSharedDataPointer if \e{copy on write} is
381 required. You don't need to call it yourself.
382*/
383
384/*! \fn template <class T> T *QSharedDataPointer<T>::clone()
385 \since 4.5
386
387 Creates and returns a deep copy of the current data. This function
388 is called by detach() when the reference count is greater than 1 in
389 order to create the new copy. This function uses the \e {operator
390 new} and calls the copy constructor of the type T.
391
392 This function is provided so that you may support "virtual copy
393 constructors" for your own types. In order to so, you should declare
394 a template-specialization of this function for your own type, like
395 the example below:
396
397 \snippet code/src_corelib_tools_qshareddata.cpp 1
398
399 In the example above, the template specialization for the clone()
400 function calls the \e {EmployeeData::clone()} virtual function. A
401 class derived from EmployeeData could override that function and
402 return the proper polymorphic type.
403*/
404
405/*!
406 \class QExplicitlySharedDataPointer
407 \inmodule QtCore
408 \brief The QExplicitlySharedDataPointer class represents a pointer to an explicitly shared object.
409 \since 4.4
410 \reentrant
411
412 QExplicitlySharedDataPointer\<T\> makes writing your own explicitly
413 shared classes easy. QExplicitlySharedDataPointer implements
414 \l {thread-safe} reference counting, ensuring that adding
415 QExplicitlySharedDataPointers to your \l {reentrant} classes won't
416 make them non-reentrant.
417
418 Except for one big difference, QExplicitlySharedDataPointer is just
419 like QSharedDataPointer. The big difference is that member functions
420 of QExplicitlySharedDataPointer \e{do not} do the automatic
421 \e{copy on write} operation (detach()) that non-const members of
422 QSharedDataPointer do before allowing the shared data object to be
423 modified. There is a detach() function available, but if you really
424 want to detach(), you have to call it yourself. This means that
425 QExplicitlySharedDataPointers behave like regular C++ pointers,
426 except that by doing reference counting and not deleting the shared
427 data object until the reference count is 0, they avoid the dangling
428 pointer problem.
429
430 It is instructive to compare QExplicitlySharedDataPointer with
431 QSharedDataPointer by way of an example. Consider the \l {Employee
432 example} in QSharedDataPointer, modified to use explicit sharing as
433 explained in the discussion \l {Implicit vs Explicit Sharing}.
434
435 Note that if you use this class but find you are calling detach() a
436 lot, you probably should be using QSharedDataPointer instead.
437
438 In the member function documentation, \e{d pointer} always refers
439 to the internal pointer to the shared data object.
440
441 \sa QSharedData, QSharedDataPointer
442*/
443
444/*! \fn template <class T> T& QExplicitlySharedDataPointer<T>::operator*() const
445 Provides access to the shared data object's members.
446*/
447
448/*! \fn template <class T> T* QExplicitlySharedDataPointer<T>::operator->()
449 Provides access to the shared data object's members.
450*/
451
452/*! \fn template <class T> const T* QExplicitlySharedDataPointer<T>::operator->() const
453 Provides const access to the shared data object's members.
454*/
455
456/*! \fn template <class T> T* QExplicitlySharedDataPointer<T>::data() const
457 Returns a pointer to the shared data object.
458*/
459
460/*! \fn template <class T> const T* QExplicitlySharedDataPointer<T>::constData() const
461 Returns a const pointer to the shared data object.
462
463 \sa data()
464*/
465
466/*! \fn template <class T> void QExplicitlySharedDataPointer<T>::swap(QExplicitlySharedDataPointer &other)
467 Swap this instance's explicitly shared data pointer with
468 the explicitly shared data pointer in \a other.
469 */
470
471/*! \fn template <class T> bool QExplicitlySharedDataPointer<T>::operator==(const QExplicitlySharedDataPointer<T>& other) const
472 Returns \c true if \a other and \e this have the same \e{d pointer}.
473*/
474
475/*!
476 \fn template <class T> QExplicitlySharedDataPointer<T> &QExplicitlySharedDataPointer<T>::operator=(QExplicitlySharedDataPointer<T> &&other)
477
478 Move-assigns \a other to this QExplicitlySharedDataPointer instance.
479
480 \since 5.2
481*/
482
483/*! \fn template <class T> bool QExplicitlySharedDataPointer<T>::operator==(const T* ptr) const
484 Returns \c true if the \e{d pointer} of \e this is \a ptr.
485 */
486
487/*! \fn template <class T> bool QExplicitlySharedDataPointer<T>::operator!=(const QExplicitlySharedDataPointer<T>& other) const
488 Returns \c true if \a other and \e this do \e not have the same
489 \e{d pointer}.
490*/
491
492/*! \fn template <class T> bool QExplicitlySharedDataPointer<T>::operator!=(const T* ptr) const
493 Returns \c true if the \e{d pointer} of \e this is \e not \a ptr.
494 */
495
496/*! \fn template <class T> QExplicitlySharedDataPointer<T>::QExplicitlySharedDataPointer()
497 Constructs a QExplicitlySharedDataPointer initialized with \nullptr
498 as \e{d pointer}.
499*/
500
501/*! \fn template <class T> QExplicitlySharedDataPointer<T>::~QExplicitlySharedDataPointer()
502 Decrements the reference count of the shared data object.
503 If the reference count becomes 0, the shared data object
504 is deleted. \e This is then destroyed.
505*/
506
507/*!
508 \fn template <class T> QExplicitlySharedDataPointer<T>::QExplicitlySharedDataPointer(QExplicitlySharedDataPointer &&o)
509
510 Move-constructs a QExplicitlySharedDataPointer instance, making it point at the same
511 object that \a o was pointing to.
512
513 \since 5.2
514*/
515
516/*! \fn template <class T> QExplicitlySharedDataPointer<T>::QExplicitlySharedDataPointer(T* data)
517 Constructs a QExplicitlySharedDataPointer with \e{d pointer}
518 set to \a data and increments \a{data}'s reference
519 count.
520*/
521
522/*! \fn template <class T> QExplicitlySharedDataPointer<T>::QExplicitlySharedDataPointer(const QExplicitlySharedDataPointer<T>& o)
523 This standard copy constructor sets the \e {d pointer} of \e this to
524 the \e {d pointer} in \a o and increments the reference count of
525 the shared data object.
526*/
527
528/*! \fn template <class T> template <class X> QExplicitlySharedDataPointer<T>::QExplicitlySharedDataPointer(const QExplicitlySharedDataPointer<X>& o)
529 This copy constructor is different in that it allows \a o to be
530 a different type of explicitly shared data pointer but one that has
531 a compatible shared data object.
532
533 By default, the \e{d pointer} of \a o (of type \c{X *}) gets
534 implicitly converted to the type \c{T *}; the result of this
535 conversion is set as the \e{d pointer} of \e{this}, and the
536 reference count of the shared data object is incremented.
537
538 However, if the macro
539 \c{QT_ENABLE_QEXPLICITLYSHAREDDATAPOINTER_STATICCAST} is defined
540 before including the \c{QExplicitlySharedDataPointer} header, then
541 the \e{d pointer} of \a o undergoes a \c{static_cast} to the
542 type \c{T *}. The result of the cast is then set as the
543 \e{d pointer} of \e{this}, and the reference count of the shared data
544 object is incremented.
545
546 \warning relying on such \c{static_cast} is potentially dangerous,
547 because it allows code like this to compile:
548
549 \snippet code/src_corelib_tools_qshareddata.cpp 2
550
551 Starting from Qt 5.4 the cast is disabled by default. It is
552 possible to enable it back by defining the
553 \c{QT_ENABLE_QEXPLICITLYSHAREDDATAPOINTER_STATICCAST} macro, and
554 therefore to allow old code (that relied on this feature) to
555 compile without modifications.
556*/
557
558/*! \fn template <class T> QExplicitlySharedDataPointer<T>& QExplicitlySharedDataPointer<T>::operator=(const QExplicitlySharedDataPointer<T>& o)
559 Sets the \e{d pointer} of \e this to the \e{d pointer} of
560 \a o and increments the reference count of the shared
561 data object. The reference count of the old shared data
562 object of \e this is decremented. If the reference count
563 of the old shared data object becomes 0, the old shared
564 data object is deleted.
565*/
566
567/*! \fn template <class T> QExplicitlySharedDataPointer& QExplicitlySharedDataPointer<T>::operator=(T* o)
568 Sets the \e{d pointer} of \e this to \a o and
569 increments \a{o}'s reference count. The reference
570 count of the old shared data object of \e this is decremented.
571 If the reference count of the old shared data object becomes
572 0, the old shared data object is deleted.
573*/
574
575/*! \fn template <class T> void QExplicitlySharedDataPointer<T>::reset()
576 Resets \e this to be null - i.e., this function sets the
577 \e{d pointer} of \e this to \nullptr, but first it decrements
578 the reference count of the shared data object and deletes
579 the shared data object if the reference count became 0.
580 */
581
582/*! \fn template <class T> T *QExplicitlySharedDataPointer<T>::take()
583 \since 5.12
584
585 Returns a pointer to the shared object, and resets \e this to be \nullptr.
586 (That is, this function sets the \e{d pointer} of \e this to \nullptr.)
587
588 \note The reference count of the returned object will \b{not} be
589 decremented.
590 */
591
592/*! \fn template <class T> QExplicitlySharedDataPointer<T>::operator bool () const
593 Returns \c true if the \e{d pointer} of \e this is \e not null.
594 */
595
596/*! \fn template <class T> bool QExplicitlySharedDataPointer<T>::operator!() const
597 Returns \c true if the \e{d pointer} of \e this is \nullptr.
598*/
599
600/*! \fn template <class T> void QExplicitlySharedDataPointer<T>::detach()
601 If the shared data object's reference count is greater than 1, this
602 function creates a deep copy of the shared data object and sets the
603 \e{d pointer} of \e this to the copy.
604
605 Because QExplicitlySharedDataPointer does not do the automatic
606 \e{copy on write} operations that members of QSharedDataPointer do,
607 detach() is \e not called automatically anywhere in the member
608 functions of this class. If you find that you are calling detach()
609 everywhere in your code, consider using QSharedDataPointer instead.
610*/
611
612/*! \fn template <class T> T *QExplicitlySharedDataPointer<T>::clone()
613 \since 4.5
614
615 Creates and returns a deep copy of the current data. This function
616 is called by detach() when the reference count is greater than 1 in
617 order to create the new copy. This function uses the \e {operator
618 new} and calls the copy constructor of the type T.
619
620 See QSharedDataPointer<T>::clone() for an explanation of how to use it.
621*/
622
623/*!
624 \typedef QExplicitlySharedDataPointer::Type
625
626 This is the type of the shared data object. The \e{d pointer}
627 points to an object of this type.
628*/
629
630/*! \typedef QExplicitlySharedDataPointer::pointer
631 \internal
632 */
633
634QT_END_NAMESPACE
635

source code of qtbase/src/corelib/tools/qshareddata.cpp