1/// Creates a [`Vec`] containing the arguments.
2///
3/// `vec!` allows `Vec`s to be defined with the same syntax as array expressions.
4/// There are two forms of this macro:
5///
6/// - Create a [`Vec`] containing a given list of elements:
7///
8/// ```
9/// let v = vec![1, 2, 3];
10/// assert_eq!(v[0], 1);
11/// assert_eq!(v[1], 2);
12/// assert_eq!(v[2], 3);
13/// ```
14///
15/// - Create a [`Vec`] from a given element and size:
16///
17/// ```
18/// let v = vec![1; 3];
19/// assert_eq!(v, [1, 1, 1]);
20/// ```
21///
22/// Note that unlike array expressions this syntax supports all elements
23/// which implement [`Clone`] and the number of elements doesn't have to be
24/// a constant.
25///
26/// This will use `clone` to duplicate an expression, so one should be careful
27/// using this with types having a nonstandard `Clone` implementation. For
28/// example, `vec![Rc::new(1); 5]` will create a vector of five references
29/// to the same boxed integer value, not five references pointing to independently
30/// boxed integers.
31///
32/// Also, note that `vec![expr; 0]` is allowed, and produces an empty vector.
33/// This will still evaluate `expr`, however, and immediately drop the resulting value, so
34/// be mindful of side effects.
35///
36/// [`Vec`]: crate::vec::Vec
37#[cfg(not(no_global_oom_handling))]
38#[macro_export]
39#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
40#[rustc_diagnostic_item = "vec_macro"]
41#[allow_internal_unstable(rustc_attrs, liballoc_internals)]
42macro_rules! vec {
43 () => (
44 $crate::vec::Vec::new()
45 );
46 ($elem:expr; $n:expr) => (
47 $crate::vec::from_elem($elem, $n)
48 );
49 ($($x:expr),+ $(,)?) => (
50 <[_]>::into_vec(
51 // Using the intrinsic produces a dramatic improvement in stack usage for
52 // unoptimized programs using this code path to construct large Vecs.
53 $crate::boxed::box_new([$($x),+])
54 )
55 );
56}
57
58/// Creates a `String` using interpolation of runtime expressions.
59///
60/// The first argument `format!` receives is a format string. This must be a string
61/// literal. The power of the formatting string is in the `{}`s contained.
62/// Additional parameters passed to `format!` replace the `{}`s within the
63/// formatting string in the order given unless named or positional parameters
64/// are used.
65///
66/// See [the formatting syntax documentation in `std::fmt`](../std/fmt/index.html)
67/// for details.
68///
69/// A common use for `format!` is concatenation and interpolation of strings.
70/// The same convention is used with [`print!`] and [`write!`] macros,
71/// depending on the intended destination of the string; all these macros internally use [`format_args!`].
72///
73/// To convert a single value to a string, use the [`to_string`] method. This
74/// will use the [`Display`] formatting trait.
75///
76/// To concatenate literals into a `&'static str`, use the [`concat!`] macro.
77///
78/// [`print!`]: ../std/macro.print.html
79/// [`write!`]: core::write
80/// [`format_args!`]: core::format_args
81/// [`to_string`]: crate::string::ToString
82/// [`Display`]: core::fmt::Display
83/// [`concat!`]: core::concat
84///
85/// # Panics
86///
87/// `format!` panics if a formatting trait implementation returns an error.
88/// This indicates an incorrect implementation
89/// since `fmt::Write for String` never returns an error itself.
90///
91/// # Examples
92///
93/// ```
94/// # #![allow(unused_must_use)]
95/// format!("test"); // => "test"
96/// format!("hello {}", "world!"); // => "hello world!"
97/// format!("x = {}, y = {val}", 10, val = 30); // => "x = 10, y = 30"
98/// let (x, y) = (1, 2);
99/// format!("{x} + {y} = 3"); // => "1 + 2 = 3"
100/// ```
101#[macro_export]
102#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
103#[allow_internal_unstable(hint_must_use, liballoc_internals)]
104#[rustc_diagnostic_item = "format_macro"]
105macro_rules! format {
106 ($($arg:tt)*) => {
107 $crate::__export::must_use({
108 $crate::fmt::format($crate::__export::format_args!($($arg)*))
109 })
110 }
111}
112